An outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench 091 Essay

An outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench 091 - Essay Example Atlantic Quench operations are based on the suggestive budget that indicates the major expenses that will be incurred as well as the expected 2015 profits. Based on the global stiff competition in the soft drink industry where Coca-Cola Company is a leader, various organizations have been established with an aim of getting a share of the local and global market. Additionally, as more quality brands have been established in the market, the demand for juice drinks as well as non-juice drinks has increased. It is worth to note that based on the health problems that sugary juices have been associated with, more consumers have diverted their loyalty towards juices that have less sugar (Bird, 2007). In their efforts to capture the attention of such consumers, mostly at the age of 50 to 65, beverage firms have embarked on production of non-juice and light juice drinks to meet their needs. Juice drinks industry is faced with a number of challenges that include volatile market, changes in climate conditions as well as changes in the market trends. As a result, it is not possible to predict the harvest that the firm will incur. It is expected that between the periods of 2012 to 2018, the global soft drink market value shall increase from 530.5 billion to 624.4 billion. Additionally, the market is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of about 4.7% from 2013 to 2018. This expansion is expected to drive the market upwards to a value of 785,269.8 million by the end of 2018 (Marder, E.2007). Atlantic Quench Cranberries Incorporation (AQC) is an agricultural co-operative based in the US. The company mission is to provide quality cranberry products that are produced by healthy Atlantic Canadian cranberries. The company major marketing strategy is through its website where it provides contact and fax that customers can use to contact the marketing team. The company

The Hecksher Ohlin Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Hecksher Ohlin Theory - Essay Example The Hecksher - Ohlin model developed by Eli Hecksher and Bertil Ohlin in the 1920s, explores the possibility of two nations operating at the same level of efficiency, benefiting by trading with each other. The H-O model incorporates a number of realistic characteristics of production that are left out of the simple Ricardo's model. Recall that in the simple Ricardo's model only one factor of production, labor, is needed to produce goods and services (Krugman, 1997). The productivity of labor is assumed to vary across countries, which implies a difference in technology between nations. It was the difference in technology that motivated advantageous international trade in the model (Suranovic, 2003). According to the Hecksher-Ohlin Theory, capital refers to the physical machines and equipment that is used in production. Thus, machine tools, conveyers, trucks, forklifts, computers, office buildings, office supplies, and much more, is considered capital. All productive capital must be owned by someone. In a capitalist economy most of the physical capital is owned by individuals and businesses. In a socialist economy productive capital would be owned by the government. ... This model makes the following assumptions: 1. There are no obstructions to trade i.e. no trade controls, transport costs etc. 2. Both commodity and factor markets are perfectively competitive. 3. There are constant returns to scale. 4. Both the countries have the same technology and hence operate at the same level of efficiency. 5. There are two factors of production - labor and capital. Both are perfectly immobile in inter-country transfers, but perfectly mobile in inter-sector transfers. According to this theory, there are two types of products - labor intensive and capital intensive. Two countries operating at the same level of efficiency can, and do, benefit from trade due to the differences in their factor endowments. The labor-rich country is likely to produce labor-intensive goods, while the country rich in capital is likely to produce capital-intensive goods. The two countries will then trade I these goods and reap the benefits of international trade. The Hecksher-Ohlin model has also got some drawbacks. First and foremost, it assumes that factor endowments remain constant but they can be developed through innovation (Jain, 2000). Second, with many countries imposing minimum wage laws, factor prices may change to an extent, that a labor-rich country may find it cheaper to import labor-intensive goods than to produce them locally. An economist named Wassily Leontief has pointed out that, the exports of United States were more labor-intensive than capital-intensive despite that fact that the United States is a capital-rich country. It is worth emphasizing here a fundamental distinction between the Hecksher-Ohlin model and the Ricardian model. Whereas the Ricardian model assumes that production technologies differ

Nelson Mandela Spiritual Biography Essay Example for Free

Nelson Mandela Spiritual Biography Essay Nelson Mandela challenged the status quo in many ways weather it was done politically, socially, or personally, in order to achieve such high goals Mandela paid many great personal expenses. Before the acts of Nelson Mandela, the country of South Africa was broken; it was plunged in a deep racism with the election in 1948. The regime of 1948 committed the crime of Apartheid which is defined as the action of committing inhumane acts of a character similar to other crimes against humanity which is committed in the context of an institutionalized regime which systematically oppresses and dominates one racial group over any other racial group or groups and commits it with the intention of maintaining that regime. Mandela would oppose the ideas of this regime and eventually play a major role in the elimination of the apartheid they worked in evil to create. In his autobiography Nelson Mandela describes his trials and tribulations on his journey to the freedom of South Africa hence the name of the book â€Å" Long Walk To Freedom†. From the time when he was young, Mandela was raised to be a leader. Nelson Mandela belongs to a cadet branch of the Thembu dynasty, which reigns in the Transkei region of South Africas Eastern Cape Province. When Mandela was nine, his father died of tuberculosis and the regent, Jongintaba, became his guardian. He attended many schools including The Wesleyan College in Healdtown, this is where most of the Thembu royalty went to college. Jongintaba conditioned Mandela to be a leader and these characteristics’ show during his presidency. However this leadership training was cut short by the fact that so many people of royalty face, arranged marrage. Shortly after leaving Fort Hare, Jongintaba announced to Mandela and Justice (the regents son and heir to the throne) that he had arranged marriages for both of them. He fled to Johannesburg in order to avoid being forcefully married and what he found was a country whose national flag was in the dictionary next to the word apartheid. Determined to change the status quo he embarked on a political campaign and joined the ANC and began practicing terrorism. He was arrested and sentenced to life in prison. He was released twenty seven years later by making the promise that he would stop participating in terrorism. He went back to the ANC and used it as his political party to run for office. He won due to the fact that he had won the right to vote for many of the black South Africans who supported him. He unified the country, most notably through rugby, but also helped to raise many of the blacks, whale not neglecting the whites, out of poverty. He is still an influential character to this day, and leads many humanitarian organizations. He is currently in the hospital due to medical troubles but he is expected to make a recovery. Starting in his early life Nelson Mandela always challenged the status quo. During this time he escaped an arranged marriage and thus beginning a life of meaningful defiance, defiance that would improve the lives of all those around him, defiance that lift a race from the depths of poverty, defiance that would end apartheid. He began his political campaign through peaceful protesting taking from the ideas of Gandhi with peaceful non- violent protest. This is shown by â€Å" I cannot pinpoint the a moment when I became politicized, when I knew that I would spend my life in the liberation struggle. To be African in South Africa means that one is politicized from the moment of ones birth , weather one acknowledges it or not.† (Long Walk to Freedom 208). He joined the ANC and on December 5 1956. Shortly after Mandela and 150 others were protesting non- violently and were arrested and charged with treason, however all of the defendants received acquittals. Mandela realized that he would need more aggressive tactics in order to end apartheid. He defied the 1948 regime which supported and strengthened apartheid in South Africa, exemplified by a biography of Nelson Mandela â€Å" The NP seized the political initiative in 1948 and retained it into the early 1950s, pushing through its agenda of apartheid legislation without seeming to pay any heed, let alone making any compromises, to the political forces arranged against it.† (Nelson Mandela 46). This quote exemplifies why Mandela abandoned his non- violent means, because the regime had total support from the white population and would not change its views in any way. In 1961 Mandela became the leader of the armed wing of the ANC and continued his defiance by violent means. Mandela described the move to armed struggle as a last resort; Due to the fact that the oppression and violence from the government was increasing despite his best efforts, this convinced Mandela that even with many more years of non-violent protest against apartheid, he could not eliminate apartheid non-violently. And in June 1961, Mandela sent a letter to South African newspapers warning the government, that if they did not meet their demands, the Umkhonto we Sizwe would embark on a campaign of sabotage. The letter demanded the government accept a call for a national constitutional convention. The demands were not met by the government and beginning on 16 December 1961, the Umkhonto we Sizwe with Mandela as its leader, launched a bombing campaign against government targets with the first action of the campaign being the bombing of an electricity sub –station. In total, over the next eighteen months, the Umkhonto we Sizwe would initiate dozens more acts of sabotage and bombings. This is shown by his quote â€Å"I do not deny that I planned sabotage. I did not plan it in a spirit of recklessness nor because I have any love of violence. I planned it as a result of a calm and sober assessment of the political situation that had arisen after many years of tyranny, exploitation and oppression of my people by the whites.† (Nelson Mandela). This exemplified his true defiance of apartheid, that he was willing to corrupt his values to achieve a goal. Nelson Mandela did not follow the status quo by any means during these years of his life. His trial also exemplifies how he did not follow the status quo. He tried to use his trial to fight apartheid but this argument did not abide so well with the white judge who was appointed by the 1948 administration. In the end he was found guilty of many crimes as stated in â€Å" Crimes Charged: (1) The commission of acts of sabotage together with the communist party; (2) conspiracy to aid or procure wrongful acts concerning the recruitment of persons for training in the preparation and use of explosives for committing acts of violence, conspiracy to commit acts of guerilla warfare, acts of assistance to military units of foreign countries invading South Africa, and acts of participation in violent revolution; (3) the execution of the common purpose of committing the acts set out above; (4) soliciting money in South Africa and abroad and disbursing those funds in the interests of their campaign† ( Great World Trials 347). Although this quote may be long and difficult to read, it is indicative evidence for what they are truly imprisoning Mandela for, to silence his defiance. After his trial and conviction and he was taken to Robben Island where he would truly begin his spiritual journey. Even the prison system in South Africa was segregated and Mandela was a D- Class Prisoner and was only allowed one visit and letter per month. However even though Mandela was in Jail his wife, Winnie Mandela continued defying apartheid shown by â€Å" All the while, Mandela’s wife, Winnie Mandela, who was both his loyal supported and respected representative on the outside, spent the decades protesting and periodically being tried, imprisoned, and banned for her political activity.†( Great World Trials 352). Mandela began a journey of knowledge gaining a Bachelor of laws from the University of London via their external program shown by â€Å" I was still in the midst of perusing my L.L.B. at the Universi ty of London. I had started studying for the L.L.B. at the University of London during the Rivonia Trial† ( Long Walk to Freedom 504). This clearly exemplifies Mandela’s defiance, that even though they locked him up he still perused his goal of ending apartheid which he found to be best served by furthering his education and gaining a law degree. Mandela also read poetry growing very fond of a poem by William Earnest Henley called Invictus. These beautiful words inspired him to not be revengeful towards the whites who put him in prison but rather to seek unity. Mandela was eventually released from jail on February 2, 1990 after he made a deal with President F. W. de Klerk who had gotten rid of the ban on ANC and other organizations like it. Upon his release from prison he rejoined the leadership of the ANC now lead by Chris Hani. Mandela gained control of the ANC in April of 1993 following the assassination of Chris Hani. By then the ANC and other anti- apartheid organizations had won the rights of the black population to vote. Mandela used the ANC as his political party to commit the ultimate act of defiance, run for the presidency of South Africa. The ANC won 62 percent of the votes in the election, and Mandela was inaugurated as South Africa’s first black president on May 10 1994. Nelson Mandela viewed this as the beginning of his journey and not the time to relax shown by â€Å" I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb. I have taken a moment here to rest, to steal a view of the glorious vista that surrounds me, to look back on the distance I have come. But I can rest only for a moment, for with freedom comes responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long walk has not yet ended.† ( Long Walk to Freedom 640). Mandela had committed the ultimate act of defiance of running for president and came out victorious, the white residents of South Africa was in for some payback for imprisoning him for 27 years, at least that was the general idea carried by the white population when Mandela was elected, but Mandela had other plans. When Nelson Mandela first walked into his office as president he found many of the people who worked in his office, such as secretaries, packing up their things in anticipation of Mandela firing them. Mandela called them into his office and many thought that they were about to get fired. Instead Mandela asked them to put aside their political views and asked all of the old employees to stay and work with him. In doing this he is once again defying the status quo, which was that he would seek revenge on the whites for his imprisonment, but instead of revenge he sought unity. He unified the country in many ways most notably through rugby. He now asked others not to follow the status quo. He asked to blacks to back the previously hated Springboks, the South African Rugby Team. A movie named Invictus tells the story of this as the underdog South African team lead by the captain of the rugby team Francois Pienaar won against the favored New Zealand rugby team. This is shown by â€Å" When he took the field in a rugby uniform after South Africa won the 1995 World Cup, the virtually all white crowd chanted, â€Å" Nelson! Nelson!†.† (Nelson Mandela 142. During his reign as president Nelson Mandela virtually ended apartheid in South Africa ushering in a new era for prosperity for the country. In all Nelson Mandela was a very influential human rights activist and his work can be categorized to be as great as the work of Gandhi or Martin Luther King Jr. due to the basic human rights that he rightfully gave to so many South Africans. He also is an influential leader to this day and has his name on many charitable organizations. He defied the status quo of a country and won. In the End these words given the title of Invictus by William Ernest Henley truly reflect Nelson Mandela’s desire for unity and his capacity for forgiveness. Out of the night that covers me, Black as the Pit from pole to pole, I thank whatever gods may be For my unconquerable soul. In the fell clutch of circumstance I have not winced nor cried aloud. Under the bludgeonings of chance My head is bloody, but unbowed. Beyond this place of wrath and tears Looms but the Horror of the shade, And yet the menace of the years†¨Finds, and shall find, me unafraid. It matters not how strait the gate, How charged with punishments the scroll. I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul. Works Cited Mandela, Nelson, Wyk Chris Van, and Paddy Bouma. Long Walk to Freedom. New York: Flash Point/Roaring Brook, 2009. Print. Maltz, Leora. Nelson Mandela. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2004. Print. Knappman, Edward W. Great World Trials. Detroit: Gale Research, 1997. Print. Invictus 2009. Perf. Morgan Freeman and Matt Damon. Warner Bros., 2009. BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2012.

Examining Victimology Definitions And Paradigms Criminology Essay

Examining Victimology Definitions And Paradigms Criminology Essay The increased incidences of criminal offences in nations is a global menace which has effect on those subjected to crime and the offenders who engage in crime actions. The act of crime is brought about by breaking the law enforced by the government of nations thus there is violation of rights entitled to individuals and disruptions of well being. Victimology is category within criminology with fields such as juvenile delinquency, drug abuse, assault, murder, rape, robbery and burglary. Any one can become a victim and some are more vulnerable to victimization than others. Victimology is field of study to find facts why people are victimized and criminology is a field of study to find why crime is committed. Both fields are characterized by social, economical and political factors. Victims are blamed by society to be careless and not being able to defend themselves. There is need to understand victimizations and being a victim in order to put the strategies and precautions of being vulnerable to being a victim. Therefore there is need of Victimology as a career field to form Programmes of assisting victims to cope with the situation. Victimology as scientific field of study which focuses on physical, emotional and financial factors that people suffers from hand of criminals and the events leading to victimization, thus victimology entails study of precursors, vulnerabilities, events, impacts, recoveries and response of people, cultures and organization related to victims. The process of victimization from one phase to another is stated below as individuals can be victims of different circumstances in day to day life. Victimization is associated with sufferings, sacrifices and deaths hence victims deserve to be made whole again by restoration of their dignity and self-esteem. Definitions According to Garkawe, S. (2000) Victims are those who experiences assault. Murder, rape, robbery and burglary, loss or hardship subjected to them. The case study from Jailed: A very damaged young man and Tragic past translates to stolen future. Defines victims a: The victimization suggested here shows that individuals become victim of several circumstances caused by themselves or the surroundings. The case explains; Matthew Stuart Pearce (28) became generally victimized by the natural catastrophes which were beyond his control during his childhood. General victimization is whereby a person has suffered physical, financial or emotional damages and had experiences of their property taken, occurrence of terrific events and natural calamities. He subjected himself to juvenile delinquency victimization by becoming own victim through abuse of drugs to evade the harsh circumstances he was going through and associating with people of no help to him. Another form of victimization is child abuse; characterized by sexual harassment, physical, emotional and psychological injury. This is further caused by neglect by parents, guardian and care takers. Matthew was abused by his the parent who adopt him. Victim trauma is a result of painful and physical experienced which has a long life effect on person life. The death of mother and siblings through murder exposed him to traumatic occurrences which had high risk in harming emotional stability. Concept of Conservative Victimology S. Garkawe (2000) Statement suggests that Restoration of Justice is a systematic formal legal response to crime victimization that emphasizes on healing the injuries that resulted from the crime that had effect on victims offended, offenders and communities. This process is a derived from the traditional form of justice dealing with criminals and victims which traditionally have generally perpetuated the conflict which resulted in the original crime. It is supported by law and advocates order, this encourages offenders responsibility, involving victims in system of justice thus cutting down the government expenses. This is limited to petty offences in which the proceedings from criminal court do not result to imprisonment. Conservative nature has great effect on criminal justice policy. Suggestions for change and interventions in criminal justice is in favour of crime victims which is dominated by law and order with objective of lowering criminal victimization by emphasizing lawful and orderly society. The failure to rehabilitate and reform the policies leads to decline of support of criminal support. These increase police power and resources; they also have great influence in favour of conservative governments. They invoke victims in order to bargain for more powers and resources though penal policy is dictated to protected the community. His statement also depicts that there is believe of an individual to take responsibility. Social factors are considered not important to criminals; offenders take all blame of crime acts. Individuals are perceived to take initiative in prevention, avoidance, resistance and recovery from victimization. This is important when crime rates are predicted to have fallen down. Traditionalists emphasizes on self- reliance concept by putting stress on victims and society oriented crime prevention measures, they believe criminal acts are beyond government powers hence it is responsibility of individuals, families, institutions and religions to reduce crime. Specific victim policies as suggested by law and order are limited to personal crimes of violence against property mainly by strangers resulting from assaults, murders, rape, robbery and burglary. These instill fear of crime and useful to law and order lawyers by playing with emotions of public. Victims are perceived to be virtuous while offenders are evil doers; the advocates take advantage by appealing to emotions of public. This is more so relevant to conservative supporters specifically the advocates of victims who understand the system well making the victims statement most effective thus empowering the victims by enhancing the prosecutions successful with strong penalties achieved by spending minimum cost of government resources. This is main goal of lawyers compared to more elaborate measures to better treatment of victims within criminal justice system. Other factors associated with conservations are government initiative of compensating victims, which is viewed with ambivale nces by advocates of law and order, many will not want government to get involved in funding but prefers settlement be done by offenders. Some conservative jurisdiction governments have significantly lowered the pay for victims compensation. Restitution order is part of conservation in favour of victims of part of offenders criminal sanction. Law enforcers are in agreement that should be encouraged to save governments cost for victims compensation to enhance that offenders are accountable. Victim support services are encouraged to enhance successful prosecution so long as government expenditures not involved. Mediation between Offenders and Victims this is a formal meeting between the offenders and victim in presence of mediator to dialogue in order to find solution of the offence. This is done with aim of reconciliation by creating a mutual acceptance plan to repair harms and damages that occurred during crime offences to eliminate conflicts between the parties involved in disagreements as stated by John P. J. Dussich. Concept of Critical and Radical in Victimology It is viewed differently from conservative victimology; it is an outcome of unequal social factors like unemployment, poverty, patriarch and racism causing crimes. The need for great resources to be devoted to law enforcers agencies and prisons are agents of social control. Some suggests to be terminated where as others want to be replaced with informal justice system and that society should take responsibility for crime as a whole but not individuals. It is asserted to be no division between victims and offenders, all groups of people in society are victims. Victim compensation expands social control by insistence that victims reported the matter to police reinforced by restricted eligibility. State sponsored victims programmes are agents of supporting social control with major guiding influence not being compassionate for victims, programmes are predicated on needs of prosecution. It is opposed that crime victims having formal rights in criminal justice system and concept of victim participation in proceeding includes the effects of victims statement. Involvement of victims in justice system aids government in conviction of defendants and advocates higher penalties increasing likelihood of incarceration hence increase of social control. Restitution order against offenders is often unrealistic and lengthens offenders involvement with criminal justice in case of serious crimes; it seems genuine alternative and paradigm shift away from existing retributive criminal justice system. The concept supports mediation as explained by S. Garkawe (2000). Thus the radical paradigm concludes that crime is seen as significant problem affecting people lives, reality in crime should be analyzed beyond immediate appearance and crime control must be taken seriously. Circumstances of offenders and victims should be put into considerations when making decisions of criminal policies and the crime must be tackled by been keen with present situations in the society. Criminal justice system, prisons department and police force should not be terminated but reforms be made to put social control in place. Conclusion The laws should include services of victims, restitution from offenders, information about criminal justice system and right to formal participation of criminal justice process. The field of victimology should have professionals people with specialized training in dealing with criminal acts, offences, and victims well being to help victims to fully recover. Formal victim assistance programmes should be established by social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists, medical doctors to help in counseling the victims.

William Goldings Lord Of the Flies :: Golding Lord Flies

William Golding's Lord Of the Flies Theme: Most people perceive children as being innocent, precious beings. Some believe that they are angelic. Put in the wrong situations though, they can become savage beasts. The innocence leaves their bodies and they are no longer precious. The survival of the fittest instinct kicks on and they can become killers. In the book Lord of the Flies the theme is that kids are not as innocent s they seem. At the beginning of the book the boys seem to have peace and order. They help one another out. They elect Ralph as their leader. They follow his orders when they need to work together. The conch shell is used to bring order within the group of boys. Soon these practices die out and the kids start to change. Jack and his group of hunters, began to get a thrill from killing pigs. Jack and the hunters also lose all respect for Ralph and the conch. They start their own tribe, who soul purpose is to hunt and have rituals. The killings of the pigs start to bore them so they began to find other things to kill. The hunters start forcing people to join the tribe through threats. Then the threats lead to the killings of two boys. The hunters first kill Simon , whom they think is a beast. Then they kill Piggy by rolling a stone on top of him. With the two killing under their belt they soon began to go after Ralph. They chase him all over the island but soon he is rescued. The naval officer witnesses how the children had turned from well-behaved boys to savage beast. Though children are not as innocent as they seem they still hold a close place in their parents heart. They are also human just like everyone else. They know the difference between black and white and right and wrong. The survival of the fittest instinct is something that every creature on this planet has. The weak one always loose. The book showed this well. Important Passages: "Ralph sat on a fallen trunk, his left side to the sun. On his right were most of the choir; on his left the larger boys who had not known each other before...before him small children squatted in the grass.

The Stock Market :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

The Stock Market Have you ever noticed how everyone thinks they know what is best for you? Everyone telling you what to do when you are the only one who knows what is the best for you. You maybe wondering what this is about, would you believe me if I told you it is about the stock market. Well it is, you may have thought that this had nothing to do with the stock market, but actually it is everything about the stock market. Why trust everybody else when you can invest yourself ? Develop your own system of trading and get started. This may raise another question, " How can I find the right stock and buy them with out the assistance of a stock broker?" In the following information I will take you through the process of finding hot stock picks and turning them into tremendous profits. Eventually you will even develop a trading system. First of all lets get the basic steps down before we move to the more advanced steps. The two main ways to make money in the stock market is from dived ends and buying low and selling high. To make great outrageous profits you will have to riley on buying low and selling high. This is very easy to say but very difficult to do. With dived ends you will receive a small percentage gain every quarter of the year, this helps with your profits but not much. To buy low and sell high you first have to find some stocks or funds. With this information and your motivation with stocks you can rule the world! O.K. maybe not the world but definitely your own portfolio. Now that you have the main concepts down we can move on and try to find some hot stocks. You never want to buy over bought stocks, because over bought stocks means that they are over valued. If you bought a over valued stock chances are that you bought high, and this may force you into selling low and take a loss. An easy way to get a round about feel for a stock to see if it is over or under valued is to look at its PE ratio.

The Impact of the Civil War on Womens Rights Essay -- Womens Rights

â€Å"I do not wish them [women] to have power over men; but over themselves.† ― Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman After four years of seemingly endless battle between a divided nation, more than 600,000 people were killed. These lives, however, were not given in vain. Had it not been for the American Civil War, abolition may not have been carried out. The nation might have remained divided. Women might have remained confined to their roles as the "homemakers." Although the Civil War was fought in hopes of preserving the nation and ridding it of slavery, another war raged on within the depths of this war--the women's war. Serving as nurses both in the hospital and on the battlefields, women came to know a whole different world; a world outside of the home. When the last gun shot was fired, women were expected to return to their roles as the housewives. Some, however, had tasted the sweetness of being able to hold positions equal to that of their male counterparts and had become addicted. In this way, the American Civil War served as a significant turning point for the transformation of societal v iews concerning working women-particularly those in the field of nursing. Prior to the Civil War, it was believed that a woman's place was in the home. Societal views held that women were to be the homemakers, while the occupations in the outside world were to be left to the men. "It was an age when women were preferred as angels rather than amazons, homemakers rather than careerists" (Donald & Randall 19). A woman's legal status was dependent on that of her father or husband, depending on whether she was married or not. As a result, a woman could not make any legal appearances in court or sign any legal papers... ...ar and Reconstruction. D.C. Health and Company: Boston,1965. McPherson, James M. Ordeal By Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction, Second Edition. Princeton University: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. Moore, Frank. Women of the War: Their Heroism and Self-Sacrifice. Hartford, Connecticut: S.S. Scranton & Co., 1866. "Negro Emancipation," Harper's Weekly: Journal of Civilization, January 10, 1863, p. 18. "The Bombardment of Fort Sumter," Harper's Weekly: Journal of Civilization, April 27, 1861, p. 1. Thompson, William F. Image of War: The Pictorial Reporting of the American Civil War. Louisiana State University Press: Baton Rouge and London, 1960. Volo, Dorothy Denneen and Volo, James M. Daily Life in Civil War America. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut and London,1998. Wright, Mike. What They Didn't Teach You About the Civil War. Presido Press, 1996.

The two heroes of industrialization

The Two Heroes of Industrialization During the late 1800s, many people began to start their own companies. Two of the most famous entrepreneurs, Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, were the most renown of these people. Their success is seen through all the things that are named after them – the Carnegie Library, Carnegie Hall, Carnegie Mellon University, Rockefeller Foundation, Rockefeller Center, and many more. Though they may seem very much alike, these two businessmen share differences as well.Despite the fact that Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller gained their position in two diverse ways, they both had illustrious companies with discontented workers. These industrialists certainly got to where they were in two very different ways. Carnegie is famous for going from â€Å"rags to riches. † He defines the American Dream. Starting out as an immigrant, he worked for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. He was then promoted, and was able to buy stock. From the i nvestment money, he started his own company – Carnegie Steel Company.From there, he went on to be a ealthy entrepreneur and philanthropist. Rockefeller, on the other hand, achieved his position In a more realistic way. Together with other people, he formed illegal trusts. Luckily, it proved to be a success. His wealth came from his famous company, Standard 011 Company. After the founding of his company, he sold oil for low prices In order to drive out his competitors, then once he had a monopoly, he would raise the price again. Rockefeller proves to be model for economic success. Since these Industrialists had large companies, they needed workers to run them.Carnegie and Rockefeller did not pay them much, or else It wouldnt be profitable. The workers had six to seven day work weeks, no holidays or vacations, and had to come to work on sick days. The Injuries were common, for many of the workers were Inexperienced. The laborers at this point were unsatisfied, and had to stand up for themselves. They formed labor unions In order to fight the companies. A few people died because of the attack between the workers and companies. Carnegie and Rockefeller both went through laborers' complaints, dissatisfaction, and aggression.These two businessmen reached their economic success In unlike ways, yet both had eminent companies and displeased workers. Without their efforts, the world wouldn't be where It Is right now. Thanks to them and their contributions, many companies, colleges, and organizations have been established. Rockefeller, on the other hand, achieved his position in a more realistic way. success. His wealth came from his famous company, Standard Oil Company. After the founding of his company, he sold oil for low prices in order to drive out hisSince these industrialists had large companies, they needed workers to run them. Carnegie and Rockefeller did not pay them much, or else it wouldn't be profitable. come to work on sick days. The injuries were co mmon, for many of the workers were inexperienced. The laborers at this point were unsatisfied, and had to stand up for themselves. They formed labor unions in order to fght the companies. A few people These two businessmen reached their economic success in unlike ways, yet both wouldn't be where it is right now. Thanks to them and their contributions, many

Outline and Evaluate Research Into Conformity

Outline and evaluate research into Conformity as an explanation of Human Social Behaviour â€Å"Conforming† is when a person changes the way they act and think to fit in with the majority of people in a group to gain acceptance. Kelman (1958) said that there are 3 types of conformity, Compliance, which means going along with others to gain approval and avoid rejection and accepting the group view in public but not private. Identification is conforming to someone who is liked and respected and Internalisation is accepting the group’s beliefs and accepting it both publicly and privately.However this essay will be discussing the two main theories as to why people conform, Informational Social Influence and Normative Social Influence as well as other factors that can affect as to why people conform. Informational Social influence is when an individual goes along with the majority because they believe that the majority is right and better informed then they are. Sherif (1935 ) conducted a study to test this theory in which he put the participants in a darkened room with a stationary point of light and asked them to say how much the light seemed to move and in what direction, with the participants giving their individual answers.Sherif then put them into groups of three and asked them to answer again. Sherif found that the participants changed their answer to reflect the groups as they believed the group was better informed and correct, which is an example of Informational Social Influence. However Sherif used an ambiguous test, it was impossible for Sherif to measure how far the light moved, and because it was impossible to provide a ‘correct’ answer, then it was also impossible to say for certain that the participants in the experiment had actually conformed.Also Sherif’s study lacked ecological validity as the test wouldn’t occur in everyday life and so the behaviour could be artificial. The other theory as to why people con form is Normative Social influence which is when an individual complies with the group, changing their behaviour and goes along with the majority publicly to avoid rejection but privately disagrees with their view. This was evidenced in Asch’s (1951) study into conformity with an unambiguous task. Asch put the participants into groups f seven, with all but one participant being confederates of the Asch. The group was shown a set of three lines and a separate reference line and the task was to judge which of the three lines was the same length as the reference line, with each set consisting of one line that was obviously the same length and two lines that were obviously different. The group gave their answers one by one with the â€Å"naive† participant answering in second to last place, and the confederates intentionally gave the wrong answers.Asch found that 37% of the responses the participant gave were the wrong answers the confederates gave, showing the participant conformed. Asch also found that the larger the majority, the higher level of conformity although above four, the level didn’t increase much and when there was a dissenter going against the group, conformity levels dropped drastically. Also when the task was made more difficult, conformity increased.Asch’s study has been criticised as being a â€Å"child of it’s time† as it was conducted in 1950’s America where conformity was more likely to occur. Another criticism is the sample of participants were all young male students from the same university and so the results can not be generalised. The study also lacked ecological validity as judging line lengths is not an everyday task. However what these theories do not consider is social roles. Zimbardo (1973) conducted an experiment to see what affect social roles would have on someone’s behaviour.He created a mock prison in the basement of Stanford University and recruited 24 male participants, who did not have aggressive personalities, to be â€Å"guards† and â€Å"prisoners† and informed them of what the experiment was about. To make the experience as realistic as possible Zimbardo had the prisoners â€Å"arrested† and given prisoner uniforms. The guards were given uniforms and mirrored sunglasses and had to enforce the rules of the prison. The prisoners rebelled on the first day and the guards responded by aggressively enforcing order and discipline within the prison.They used fire extinguishers against the prisoners, locked individuals in a dark broom cupboard for hours at a time, constantly harassed them, and even played prisoners off against each other. Over time the prisoners became more and more subdued and took on the submissive role of the prisoner. The guards began to enjoy the power they had, and their use of aggression and harassment steadily increased as they took on the dominant role of prison guards.The experiment had to be stopped earl y due to how dangerous and brutal it became, with three prisoners being released early due to severe psychological distress. Zimbardo concluded that the roles the participants found themselves in and the environment caused the behaviour displayed as both the guards and prisoners conformed to the behaviour they believed that role should display. Both guards and prisoners rapidly conformed, in just a few days, to the social roles that the situation placed them in.Zimbardo’s experiment has been deeply criticised as it was very unethical and he deliberately put the participants into a situation that caused them physical and psychological harm. There are also ecological validity issues as prison officers apply to be prison officers in real life, unlike the experiment where they could be guards or prisoners, and prison officers do not work 24 hours a day, which brings the ecological validity of the experiment into question. There are also other factors we must consider which affect whether people conform. One factor is the culture in which people are brought up.People who come from a collectivist culture are more likely to conform then someone from an individualistic culture as the collectivist culture focuses on group mentality and places the needs of the group over the needs of the individual, so a study in a highly individualistic culture like America can yield different results then conducting the same study in a highly collectivist culture such as China. Another factor is the time period the study was conducted in. The attitudes of that particular period can affect the results and may not hold true today.Thus the study might be measuring the attitudes of that time period and conducting the same study in a different time period could bring different results. Individual differences also play a part as a person’s age, their life experiences, education and gender can affect if and how much a person will conform. Recent research has suggested that wome n are more likely to conform then men as women are more socially orientated and thus will fear social rejection more. The group size also has an impact on conformity levels as the bigger the group is, the more pressure there is to conform.The unanimity of the group as well, if everyone agrees on an issue then the group pressure to agree with the group is huge, but if there are dissenters among the group then the group pressure decreases and it’s easier to resist conforming. The type of task is also a factor, if the task is difficult or ambiguous; people are more likely to defer to other people or a group and conform as the person believes the group has more information and is right, whereas if the task is easy and unambiguous the person is more likely to resist conforming.Conformity is a big factor in human social behaviour as every human feels the need to fit in with groups and society as a whole, which drives our social behaviour. As the research shows, people conform to av oid social rejection and because society expects them to behave in a certain way. Conformity can be a good thing, such as when people conform while they are driving and drive on the right side of the road, however conformity can also be a bad thing such as the guards conforming to the social roles in Zimbardo’s prison experiment, causing them to display aggressive behaviours.

Magnet designation: What does it mean for me? Essay

Magnet designation â€Å"recognizes health care organizations for quality patient care, nursing excellence and innovations in professional nursing practice.†(AACN, 2014). As a nurse going through this process in one of the facilities I work at, It means mire education and accountability. I only work Per Diem at this facility but have to chair on one of the nursing committees, I have to have a certification in my specialty and also a bachelors degree in 5 years of starting my employment or I am terminated as an employee(yes contract was signed or no employment). This has increased my educational requirements and time requirements for this facility. I am on the employee recognition committee and as an employee that works long hours in an emergency room this committee is actually very important. Many feel that this is the â€Å"party† committee but we are more than that. We recognize the employees that don’t often get recognized for all their hard work. As an employee that rarely gets recognized I realized that this is important to our health and care of the patients. I work hard but as a per diem employee I often get left unrecognized. I have large shoulders and can bear that brunt because I know my nursing care is excellent, my patients are taken care of and if they cant remember my name that is ok. Sometimes its the ones that you butt heads with and they complain from the time they set foot in the door that remember your name-thats ok also because it means that you made an impression on them- sometimes good sometimes not so good. We don’t always recognize the same people over and over we try to disperse the compliments and recognize not just nurses but also ancillary staff as they make up our hospital also. As a committee we celebrate monthly birthdays and try to correlate outings into volunteer fun days. These can be hard to correlate with schedules but we use baseball games for BP checks and fair days for health screenings. It has brought our department and our hospital closer to magnet status. The magnet program has three goals or principles: †¢Promote quality in a setting that supports professional practice †¢Identify excellence in the delivery of nursing services to patients/residents †¢Disseminate best practices in nursing services. This is achieved by increasing employee satisfaction and education through training and education. The benefits of magnet status are that the hospital designated will attract and retain top talent, improve care, safety and satisfaction, foster a collaborative culture and advance nursing standards and practice, and grow business and financial success. Shared governance is a way of incorporating all those goals. on other shared governance teams they look at certain aspects of care that we can improve such as lift teams, rapid response teams, specific equipment to help decrease our fall rates and also employee injuries. These teams are made up of management and floor nurses along with the CNO/CEO/CFO. we all have an input into what needs to be changed and how we are going to change the need. Along with the education that is needed to make that change. I have enjoyed the education that has come with attaining our magnet status. The hospital that I am at does not have JCHAO but we have DNV-Det Norske Veritas. â€Å"DNV works with national healthcare authorities and healthcare providers around the world to effectively manage risk and improve healthcare delivery. Our team of healthcare and risk management specialists has an innovative, advanced approach to help healthcare providers globally in identifying, assessing and managing risk, enhancing patient safety and quality, while ensuring sustainable business practice.†(DNV, 2013) They come yearly and assess our facility, we actually learn from this yearly visit and am not rushing to ‘clean and organize a facility for an upcoming visit from joint commissions’. The DNV has increased patient safety and quality along with helping us get accredited, and reduce infection risk. The DNV is an ISO9001 program and has certified many agencies around the world and is designated as the best in healthcare and proactively manages risks and best practices. Our sister hospital Norfolk General has been redesignated as a Magnet  facility and all but our 1 stand alone facility are heading to magnet status. For me Magnet status is an achievable goal for many facilities and designates the best nursing practice, and higher retention and nursing satisfaction. References: ANCC MAGNET RECOGNITION PROGRAM. (2014, January 1). . Retrieved July 26, 2014, from http://www.nursecredentialing.org/magnet/programoverview DNV:Managing Risk:Healthcare. (2013, January 1). . Retrieved July 25, 2014, from http://www.dnvusa.com/industry/healthcare/

The Harp essays

The Harp essays Recently I made the decision to attend a Harp concert with my girlfriend and her family. I must admit to thinking that all this time the instrument called "The Harp" was strictly used to put people to sleep. I was not at all prepared for the miracle I was about to receive. As I sat there in the front row positioning myself for a good nap I suddenly heard the most beautiful music my ears have ever witnessed. Letizia Belmondo had begun a performance that would completely change the way I felt about all types of music. Out of the 6 pieces played I will briefly mention 2. The first was the opening piece of her performance and was written by the composer Domenico Scarlatti (born Naples, 26 October 1685; died Madrid, 23 July 1757). The piece was Andante Moderato - Sonata in F Minor. In my research I found that Scarlatti wrote the book on many complicated techniques, such as hand-crossing, rapidly repeated notes, wide leaps in both hands and countless other means of achieving a devastating brilliance of effect. Letizia had no doubt spent many years mastering these techniques as she clearly portrayed in her rendition of this piece. The second I chose was the Introduction for Cadenza and Rondo by the renowned 19th century harpist and composer Elias Parish-Alvars. This man both during his time and still today was recognized as the "King of Harpists". Of all the works I had the pleasure of listening too this was the most moving. I don't think any song has brought up so many different forms of emotion than this magical tune. It felt like being on a roller coaster. Being a "newbie" to this form of music I have been struggling to find any information on the story of these songs. I can strongly attest to feeling emotions that I never knew existed. I can tell you that all my life I have never been a very emotional person. Like most men I choose to stuff my emotion away until it dissolves or finds another means of getting out. When I saw Let ...

ENV 101 Exam 3 Essays

ENV 101 Exam 3 Essays ENV 101 Exam 3 Paper ENV 101 Exam 3 Paper Essay Topic: The Secret Life Of Bees The World Health Organization regards health as primarily a matter of______ well being. Physical, mental and social Historically, the greatest threats to human health came from Pathogenic organisms ______, rather than______ are becoming the leading causes of disability and premature death worldwide. Chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease; infectious diseases such as malaria Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are closely linked to Malnutrition Hazardous substances______ while toxins are______. Are dangerous substances; poisonous substances Toxic substances are dangerous because they React or interfere with specific cell functions Which of the following practices contributes the least to antibiotic or pesticide resistance? A person takes the full course of the appropriate antibiotic when she has a bacterial infection Among the most important characteristics of chemicals in determining their environmental risks is/are All of these The biomagnification of DDT demonstrates that Higher trophic level organisms can concentrate toxins in a type of inverse biological pyramid. Most people do their own personal risk assessments based upon Personal biases and preferences as well as logic Undernourished parents often raise children who are undernourished because the parents All of these are reasons for the vicious cycle Food security has to do with The ability of a population to obtain food on a day-to-day basis People can suffer malnourishment if they consume large amounts of_____instead of______. Fat and sugar; vitamins and protein People who subsist on starchy foods such as cassava, potatoes and white rice Often receive insufficient protein The three crops that humans rely on for the majority of nutrients and calories are Wheat, rice and maize (corn) Most humans rely on just a few of th eworlds animal and plant species for food because only a few Food types are what we are accustomed to eating Which of the following does not describe the status of the worlds wild fisheries? Fish farming has allowed wild fish to recover worldwide Which of the following is the most correct definition of soil? All of these adequately describe soil The critical organic component of soil that gives it its structure is termed Humus Topsoil contains predominantly Mixed organic material and mineral particles In developed countries, the most recent increases in agricultural productivity have come from New crop varieties About what portion of world freshwater withdrawals is used for agriculture? 3/4 Which is the best cropping method for reducing erosion? Rotating corn, wheat and clover Which of the following uses the least amount of energy in industrialized farming practices? Drying the crops Green manure is Green plants, especially legumes that are planted and then plowed under Worldwide, traditional and native varieties of food crops have______ since the introduction of green revolution varieties. Been widely replaced by new varieties Fifty years ago, there were several hundred varieties of wheat grown in teh Middle East. No a few of the more modern high responder varieties have replaced the indigenous species. What are the implications of this change? Genetic resources are diminished and an epidemic of wheat disease is highly likely due to the reliance on few species The first genetically modified animal for human consumption is a salmon with extra growth hormones. Which of the following is not a concern about this animal? These are all worries about the GM salmon Which of the following is the best way to ensure soil health? Strip farming and leaving residues on fields after harvest The benefits of leaving crop residues on a field after harvest include All of these are correct One of the ecological benefits associated with aquaculture is the organic material generated from the aquaculture tanks. The nutrients increase the health and productivity of the surrounding natural ecosystem. False Agricultural cropland is shrinking worldwide. True Buying shade grown coffee and cocoa has a minimal effect on local ecosystems where they are grown. True Terracing is more sustainable than conventional farming, but is also more expensive. True Agricultural (farm) subsidies are especially effective in helping preserve small family farms. False Pest organisms tend to be Generalist species Of the millions of living species, about ____ cause 90 percent of the worldwide crop damage. 100 Significant agricultural monetary losses are due to the destruction of _____ through pesticide spray drift and residues on flowers. Honeybees Most of the pesticides applied in the United States are used in Agriculture Natural organic pesticides are not All of these are characteristics of natural organic pesticides In terms of agriculture, pesticides have lead to _____ for consumers All of these are correct Approximately ______ percent of the pesticides we use never reach the intended target. 90 Why are pest predator populations so adversely affected by broad-spectrum pesticides? Predators in higher trophic levels are more likely to be wiped out than lower trophic levels According to your instructor, what are the two types of â€Å"overpopulation† which environmental science must contend with? people and consumption So far, as described in â€Å"The Last Straw,† there have been no attempts to place dams on the Indus River in Kashmir to increase Pakistan’s water security because: Pakistan fears these dams could be used as weapons in case of war with India. The Indus Waters Treaty, as pointed out in â€Å"The Last Straw,† has survived nearly 50 years and three wars between India and Pakistan. True As expressed in â€Å"How to Stop Climate Change: The Easy Way,† such dire circumstances in the Earth’s system as the collapse of the Amazon rainforest, or the release of methane from thawing Siberian permafrost, represent the crossing of: tipping points As brought out in â€Å"How to Stop Climate Change: The Easy Way,† considering the relative consequences, the author would rather see China building two nuclear reactors weekly than two: coal-fired plants As argued in â€Å"How to Stop Climate Change: The Easy Way,† when it comes to global warming, many people, subconsciously at least, actually want to be lied to: True As mentioned in â€Å"Global Warming Battlefields,† Al Gore was recognized for his efforts to raise awareness about global warming when he shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with: IPCC As related in â€Å"Global Warming Battlefields,† a growing body of evidence suggests that severe climate changes have tended to increase the risk of resource-related conflict, as was apparent during 1300-1700, a span of time known as the: Little Ice Age As noted in â€Å"Global Warming Battlefields,† much research has been devoted to the causes of state collapse and the rise of ethnic militias, but no research has identified a clear, consistent set of precipitation factors. True As stated in â€Å"Executive Summary from Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity,† the class of animals whose member face the greatest risk of extinction is: amphibians As asserted in â€Å"Executive Summary from Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity,† the earliest and most severe impacts of dramatic biodiversity loss and the accompanying degradation of ecosystem services would be faced by: the poor According to â€Å"Executive Summary from Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity,† in some scenarios, climate change can be mitigated while maintaining and even expanding the current extent of forests and other natural ecosystems while avoiding additional habitat loss. true According to â€Å"When Diversity Vanishes,† the most dramatic diversity collapses: are mass extinctions As reported in â€Å"When Diversity Vanishes,† in finance, diversification reduces risk by: spreading money among assets that respond differently during market moves As pointed out in â€Å"When Diversity Vanishes,† in expert judgment, the average judgment of a group is better than individual performance. true Historically, up until the middle ages, populations were mostly limited by Disease, famine and war ____________ are the most numerous vertebrate organisms on Earth Fish Human population growth most closely resembles J-shaped growth curve The world human population reached 1 billion in about _________ and passed ____________ in 1999. 1800; 6 billion The population theory held by Thomas Malthus was that the human population would Outstrip its resources, then suffer starvation and misery Neo-Malthusians argue that Malthuss eighteenth century theories apply to similar circumstances today Technological optimists argue that technological advances have Proved Malthus wrong in his predictions of famine and disaster Malthus and Marx Disagreed about the root causes of overpopulation, poverty and social upheaval Human ingenuity and intelligence as the ultimate resource is the central theme in the argument of Julian Simon Demography is the science that describes Population changes and characteristics Ninety percent of the worlds population growth in the next century is expected to occur in Less-developed countries Why is Russias population declining? The standard of living has decreased leading to higher death rates and lower birth rates The I = PAT formula says that our environmental impacts (I) are the product of The population size times affluence and the technology used to produce goods and services consumed Crude birth rates are measured in terms of the number of children born Per 1000 people each year The total fertility rate is the number of children born To the average woman during her lifetime There is some evidence that population growth today is ____________ rather than ______________. Slowing slightly; continuing to accelerate The main cause of world population growth in the past 300 years has been Falling mortality The difference between total growth rate and natural increase is that total growth rates Include immigration and emigration as well as births and deaths The average age that a newborn can expect to attain in a given society is referred to as Life expectancy The population represented by the age class histogram on the right will Grow substantially in the future The age class histogram on the right could represent the population of Uganda The age class histogram on the left could represent the population of Singapore A pyramid-shaped age structure histogram is characteristic of a(n) _________ population Expanding A dependency ratio is a comparison between the numbers of Working and nonworking people Pronatalist pressures are influences that lead people to Have more children Women who ________ are least likely to have many children. Are able to earn an income for themselves The demographic transition refers to a countrys change from High birth and death rates to low birth and death rates The most industrialized country listed is Country A The message from author Garret Hardins lifeboat ethics is that Helping poor people will simply increase their rate of reproduction Proponents of social justice believe that environmental and social problems will decrease if Resources are distributed fairly One of the _________ effective ways to stabilize populations is to _________. Most; decrease child mortality Less developed countries can best argue that developed countries are primarily responsible for overpopulation problems because Less developed countries were many times impoverished by colonialism Family planning means enabling people to Decide in advance how many children they should have The most pessimistic projection of population growth projects the human population to reach 25 billion by 2150. True 1. The proportion of the developing world’s population, as cited in â€Å" Where Oil and Water Do Mix: Environmental Scarcity and Future Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa,† that has no access to clean water is: about one third. 2. As discussed in â€Å"Where Oil and Water Do Mix: Environmental Scarcity and Future Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa,† two common patterns of scarcity are: resource capture and ecological marginalization. 3. As noted in â€Å"Where Oil and Water Do Mix: Environmental Scarcity and Future Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa,† social pressures created by environmental scarcity may cause state power to crumble. True 4. As identified in â€Å"The Big Melt,† the plateau known as â€Å"The Roof of the World,† the highest and largest plateau in the world, is the: Tibetan Plateau. According to â€Å"The Big Melt,† China angered Indochina by damming the: Mekong River. 6. As quoted in â€Å"The Big Melt,† Chinese glaciologist Yao Tandong believes that the shrinkage of the glaciers will lead to ecological catastrophe. True 7. In the spring of 2008, as put forth in â€Å"The World’s Water Challenge,† the international community failed to predict all of the following related to water scarcity except: migration patterns related to famine. 8. More than half of the water suitable for human consumption, as described in â€Å"The World’s Water Challenge,† is used for: agriculture 9. Of the 1.8 million people who lose their lives due to unsafe water each year, as noted in â€Å"The World’s Water Challenge,† almost half of them are children. False As claimed in â€Å"Climate Change,† the current position in the scientific community with regard to climate change is that: climate change is dangerous and is caused by humans. As argued in â€Å"Climate Change,† the toughest part of the climate-change equation is the: speed with which global warming is occurring and how little time is left to make changes. As noted in â€Å"Climate Change,† while global warming will hurt some areas of the world, it will help other areas with extended growing seasons, allowing those areas to ease global food shortages over the long term. False According to â€Å"The Last Straw,† one of the greatest potential new threats to Pakistan’s stability could come from: the melting of the Himalaya glaciers.

The Parthenon essays

The Parthenon essays Greek culture blossomed after the Persian Wars. General Pericles around the 450s BC led the reconstruction of Athens; which became the most beautiful city in all of Greece. Pericles greatest structure built under his command was the Parthenon. The Parthenon was a temple built for the patron goddess Athena (goddess of wisdom and art). Construction started 447 BC and continued until 432 BC. The structure is located in Athens Greece, on the acropolis. The architects Ictinus and Callicrates designed the building. The Athenians wanted to achieve the appearance of perfection on the Parthenon. They did this by widening the columns at the center, making them appear strait when viewed from a distance; the steps leading to the Parthenon were lowered in the center giving the impression that they were strait from either side(Farah,116). Phidias was the artist that sculpted the art for the Parthenon. He himself did not sculpt everything but advised the other sculptors. The temple was 102 by 226 feet, rising 60 feet of the ground. It included two rooms, the naos the larger of the two is where a 42 foot tall sculpture of Athenia was located. The smaller room opisthodomos was used as a treasury(Web). Pattern of 8 by 17 Doric fluted columns surround the structure. The Parthenon is a Doric peripteral temple, which means that it consists of a rectangular floor plan with a series of low steps on all sides. Pentelic marble was used as the building material, which came from Mount Pentelicus 11 miles from Athens. The pentelic marble had shots of iron. This gave it a luminescent look when viewed on sunny a day. Lintels, horizontal supporting beams that span between columns were tied by bow-tie shaped iron clamps to secure them. Sculptures once decorated the pediments of the building. The eastern pediment depicted the birth of Athena and western pe ...

Essay Sample on Greed and Corruption

Essay Sample on Greed and Corruption In Macbeth, the theme of greed and corruption is largely concerned with an individual’s internal conflicts. This theme is explored in an expanded way in Hamlet –here the greed and corruption also affect other people. The only untainted characters are those who actively resist the influence of corruption. To this end, Horatio stands as the antithesis of Claudius, and it is to his model that Hamlet attempts to equal. Hamlet’s procrastination in killing Claudius can be viewed favourably as his unwillingness to be corrupted just to achieve an end, something many other characters feels perfectly willing to do, but it is a weakness nevertheless, because without him actively fighting corruption, it gains control over the whole of Denmark, as indeed is what happened. In Hamlet, the power of corruption is very  strong - people good and bad can all become involved. Even Claudius, the most corrupted character in the play, is not entirely black. In fact, he has many traits of an intelligent, effective leader - decisive, sympathetic, and possesses some moral values, in that he repents what he did, while Old Hamlet seems to be just a brute soldier. Perhaps it is exactly because he knows himself to be capable that he should feel the more ambitious. However, no matter how Claudius may have been a good king, he is not armed with legitimacy, and thus he has no right to the throne. When Claudius decides to usurp the crown, he has sinned by upsetting the natural order of the world, a sin aggravated further by the ‘foul and most unnatural murder’ he committed. In this, Claudius has, by the time of the meeting between the ghost and Hamlet, not yet been punished. The ghost’s concerns are realistic and relevant- the good of the whole of D enmark is threatened by the appeal of corruption as an apparently easy way of satisfying one’s desires. In this way, Claudius has ‘the whole of Denmark†¦Rankly abused’. Thus Hamlet’s revenge takes on an importance far out-powering that which is to avenge his father’s  murder - it is to prevent Denmark from rotting from top to bottom. Hamlet not only witnesses ‘ the rottenness of Denmark’ through the low reputation of Danes in foreign countries, where they are called ‘ drunkards’ by a ‘swinish phrase’, but he feels the corruption to be part of himself, and wished that his ‘sullied flesh would melt.’ Hamlet is then very concerned about upholding honesty and morality. A major part of his delay comes from his wish to be sure that the killing of Claudius is morally correct, since the ghost may in fact be a ‘damned ghost’ tempting him to corruption. In this, Hamlet spends a good half of the play passively allowing Claudius’ influence to grow unhindered. But even after Claudius’ guilt is proven, Hamlet still seems hesitant to kill him, which suggests that Hamlet is in fact unconsciously unwilling to commit a murder, certainly not in the same callous way as Laertes would, who is willing to kill ‘i’the church’. Hamlet is als o conscious to show his moral purity to others, and this is why he wants Horatio to live, in order to ‘tell my[his] story’. He mentions the need for the people to know that he does not want to kill Claudius because he wants to be king, and he tells his mother he chides her because he has to ‘be cruel to be kind’. The audience’s sympathy for Hamlet arises solely, then, from the fact that Hamlet could resist getting tainted by all the mud around him. After all, Hamlet has many  flaws - being ‘passion’s slave’, indecisive, jealous to some extent. Hamlet himself acknowledges Horatio’s superiority, praising him for his common sense, justice, consistency, coolness. Indeed, when compared with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Horatio’s ‘antique Roman’ like loyalty is extraordinarily laudable. Yet the Hamlet figure is pivotal in the play, for although Horatio is possibly a better example of human perfection, Horatio has no power whatsoever to fight corruption. Unbefitting his important role, Hamlet does not do enough to prevent corruption and greed spreading to other people, only making sure himself is clean, and this slowness in action has some serious consequences for Denmark. Like dominoes, one character after another fall into the trap of corruption. Polonius, always a shrewd, scheming man, collaborates with the king in shamelessly sacrificing Ophelia as their bait to dig out the secret of Hamlet. His corrupt cynicism regarding Hamlet’s love for Ophelia leads to their estrangement, and ultimately Ophelia’s death. While he does meet a deserved end when he is carrying out yet another corrupt  deed - secretly listening to the conversation between Gertrude and Hamlet, his spirit lives  on - particularly in Laertes, who seems to share a good part of his father’s view, also disapproving of Ophelia and Hamlet’s relationship. Later on, Laertes, encouraged by the king, does not hesitate to use underhand methods to kill Hamlet. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern start out as intimate school friends of Hamlet, and are greeted by Hamlet cordially with ‘My excellent good friends†¦ Good lads how do ye both?’ Nevertheless, they happily become faithful agents of Claudius, and ‘make love’ to their mission to kill Hamlet. This idea of the rapid infection of Denmark by corruption is also reinforced by the extended metaphor of the weed. Not only does Hamlet say to his mother not to ‘spread compost on the weeds To make them ranker’, but it is also very significant that Ophelia dies with ‘her weedy trophies’, a portrayal of her as a victim of the corruption in the world. In the end, while Hamlet succeeds in killing Claudius, Denmark is not any better than it started out to be. Although Fortinbras has Hamlet’s ‘dying voice’, it is questionable why Denmark would like to have a foreign prince as its ruler, who was formerly it s mortal enemy, and seems insatiable in his search for land and power, even greedy enough to waste many lives to gain ‘a patch of ground that hath in it nothing but the name’. Although corruption is very deceptively attractive and is embraced by many characters, it brings true happiness neither to those who submit to it nor those who do not. In a corrupted world, everybody lives a state of uncertainty and fear, for nobody can trust anybody else, nor oneself. Gertrude admits that ‘So full of artless jealousy[mistrust] is guilt, it spills itself in fearing to be spilt’, and Claudius can only rely on his ‘Switzers’ for his personal safety and realise in horror that his offence ‘smells to heaven’ and he will ‘never to heaven go’. The unsoiled people are affected equally, for either they are powerless to defend themselves against evil, such that Hamlet could easily have been killed by Claudius, or they will have to take up evil to counter evil. When Hamlet fails to distinguish deception from truth, he makes faulty judgment about the constancy of Ophelia, which must have contributed to her madness. The tragedy of Hamlet is not about Hamlet, or indeed the tragic flaw of any character, it is a tragedy of the entire human race, which is generally unable to resist greed and corruption when it provides immediate gains. When the growth of corruption is not stemmed, it has disastrous consequences on individuals and the society as a whole, as the state of Denmark at the end of Hamlet shows. Often it is only the minority of the people who has the faith to uphold virtue, yet often they are either politically powerless or do not have the determination to fight with corruption continually, and Hamlet is certainly too scholarly to take the heavy burden of preserving virtue in a dark world. In writing Hamlet, Shakespeare is warning us of the dangers to be a Claudius or to be a Hamlet, for we bear the responsibility to leave an uncorrupted world to future generations. You can also order a custom term paper, research paper, thesis, dissertation or essay on greed from our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with high-quality non-plagiarized papers at an affordable cost.

ACT Reading Test Questions, Content, and Scores

ACT Reading Test Questions, Content, and Scores Getting ready to master the ACT test? For those of you high school students who have decided to take the ACT as your college admissions test, and for those of you required to take it as a high school exit exam, youd better prepare yourself for the ACT Reading portion of the exam. The ACT Reading section is one of five sections upon which you will be during the ACT Test, and for many students, it is the most difficult. Not only will you need reading strategies to master it, you will need to practice, practice, practice! The other test sections are these: ACT EnglishACT MathematicsACT Science ReasoningThe Enhanced ACT Writing Test The ACT Reading Basics When you flip open your testing booklet to the ACT Reading portion, you will face the following:   40 questions35 minutes4 reading passages with 10 multiple choice questions following each reading passage.3 of the reading passages contain one long passage. 1 of the reading passages contains a pair of related passages.   Although it seems like it would be relatively easy to answer forty questions in 35 minutes, this test is difficult because you also must read the four accompanying passages or sets of passages in addition to answering the questions. Alone, or in pairs, the passages are roughly 80 - 90 lines in length.   ACT Reading Scores Just like the other ACT sections, the ACT Reading section can earn you between 1 and 36 points. The average ACT Reading score is about a 20, but your fellow test-takers are scoring higher than that to get into the really good schools. This score is also combined with the Writing score and English score to give you an ELA average score out of 36.   ACT Reading Skills The ACT Reading section does not test your memorization of vocabulary words in isolation, facts outside of the text, or logical skills. Here are the skills on which youll be tested, which are based on the reporting categories introduced in 2016: Key Ideas and Details: (approximately 22 - 24 questions) Finding the main ideaSummarizing  Making an inferenceUnderstanding sequence of eventsUnderstanding cause and effect relationshipsMaking comparisons Craft and Structure: (approximately 10 - 12 questions) Understanding  authors tone  Understanding  authors purposeAnalyzing characters points of viewUnderstanding vocabulary words in contextAnalyzing text structure Integration of Knowledge and Ideas: (approximately 5 - 7 questions) Analyzing and evaluating authors claimsDifferentiating between fact and opinionUsing evidence to connect texts ACT Reading Test Content So what will you be reading about? Good news! You will not have to interpret poetry. All the text on the ACT Reading section is prose. Whew, right? By the way, the information below is just for reference. As  stated before, you will not be held accountable for knowledge outside of the text, so you dont need to check out books from the library about this stuff. Just realize that you could be reading passages about one of the following subjects, so at least youll know what youre up against. Social Studies: anthropology, archaeology, biography, business, economics, education, geography, history, political science, psychology, and sociology.Natural Sciences: anatomy, astronomy, biology, botany, chemistry, ecology, geology, medicine, meteorology, microbiology, natural history, physiology, physics, technology, and zoology.Prose Fiction: short stories or excerpts from short stories or novels.Humanities: memoirs and personal essays and in the content areas of architecture, art, dance, ethics, film, language, literary criticism, music, philosophy, radio, television, and theater. ACT Reading Strategies Its imperative that you prepare for  ACT Reading strategies  for this test. Since youll have to answer 40 questions in just 30 minutes and read the four passages (either one long passage or two shorter, related passages), you will not have enough time to just go at it like you usually would in class. You must use some strategies before plunging in, or else you may only get to two or three of the passages! The link will take you to five reading strategies that can boost your score if you use them.   Thats about all you need to know about the ACT Reading section. Try your hand at the following reading comprehension worksheets to help prepare you for what you need to know!

Ver Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Ver Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples The Spanish verb ver means to see or to watch. Its conjugation is mostly regular, although the pattern varies in the past participle, visto (seen), and the first-person singular present, veo (I see). Other verbs derived from ver, such as prever (to preview or to foresee) and entrever (to partly see or to suspect), follow the same conjugation pattern. A verb that is similar in meaning is mirar, which can be translated as to look. This article includes ver conjugations in the indicative mood (present, past, conditional and future), the subjunctive mood (present and past), the imperative mood, and other verb forms. Present Indicative The first person singular conjugation veo is slightly irregular. Normally we would remove the ending -er before adding the present tense ending -o, but in this case, the e in ver stays to produce veo. Yo veo Yo veo las noticias todos los dà ­as. I watch the news every day. Tà º ves Tà º ves a tu hija bailar. You watch your daughter dance. Usted/à ©l/ella ve Ella ve una pelà ­cula con su amiga. She watches a movie with her friend. Nosotros vemos Nosotros vemos a muchos pacientes en la clà ­nica. We see many patients at the clinic. Vosotros veis Vosotros veis a vuestra abuela frecuentemente. You see your grandmother frequently. Ustedes/ellos/ellas ven Ellos ven muchas cosas interesantes en el museo. They see many interesting things at the museum. Preterite Indicative The preterite is used to talk about completed events in the past. Yo vi Yo vi las noticias todos los dà ­as. I watched the news every day. Tà º viste Tà º viste a tu hija bailar. You watched your daughter dance. Usted/à ©l/ella vio Ella vio una pelà ­cula con su amiga. She watched a movie with her friend. Nosotros vimos Nosotros vimos a muchos pacientes en la clà ­nica. We saw many patients at the clinic. Vosotros visteis Vosotros visteis a vuestra abuela frecuentemente. You saw your grandma frequently. Ustedes/ellos/ellas vieron Ellos vieron muchas cosas interesantes en el museo. They saw many interesting things at the museum. Imperfect Indicative The imperfect is used to talk about ongoing or repeated actions in the past. It can be translated as was watching or used to watch. Yo veà ­a Yo veà ­a las noticias todos los dà ­as. I used to watch the news every day. Tà º veà ­as Tà º veà ­as a tu hija bailar. You used to watch your daughter dance. Usted/à ©l/ella veà ­a Ella veà ­a una pelà ­cula con su amiga. She used to watch a movie with her friend. Nosotros veà ­amos Nosotros veà ­amos a muchos pacientes en la clà ­nica. We used to see many patients at the clinic. Vosotros veà ­ais Vosotros veà ­ais a vuestra abuela frecuentemente. You used to see your grandma frequently. Ustedes/ellos/ellas veà ­an Ellos veà ­an muchas cosas interesantes en el museo. They used to see many interesting things at the museum. Future Indicative Yo verà © Yo verà © las noticias todos los dà ­as. I will watch the news every day. Tà º vers Tà º vers a tu hija bailar. You will watch your daughter dance. Usted/à ©l/ella ver Ella ver una pelà ­cula con su amiga. She will watch a movie with her friend. Nosotros veremos Nosotros veremos a muchos pacientes en la clà ­nica. We will see many patients at the clinic. Vosotros verà ©is Vosotros verà ©is a vuestra abuela frecuentemente. You will seeyour grandma frequently. Ustedes/ellos/ellas vern Ellos vern muchas cosas interesantes en el museo. They will see many interesting things at the museum. Periphrastic  Future Indicative   The periphrastic future is formed with three parts: the present tense conjugation of the verb ir (to go), the preposition a, and the infinitive of the verb. Yo voy a ver Yo voya ver las noticias todos los dà ­as. I am going to watch the news every day. Tà º vasa ver Tà º vasa ver a tu hija bailar. You aregoing to watch your daughter dance. Usted/à ©l/ella vaa ver Ella vaa ver una pelà ­cula con su amiga. She isgoing to watch a movie with her friend. Nosotros vamosa ver Nosotros vamosa ver a muchos pacientes en la clà ­nica. We aregoing to see many patients at the clinic. Vosotros vaisa ver Vosotros vaisa ver a vuestra abuela frecuentemente. You aregoing to seeyour grandma frequently. Ustedes/ellos/ellas vana ver Ellos vana ver muchas cosas interesantes en el museo. They aregoing to see many interesting things at the museum. Present Progressive/Gerund Form The progressive tenses use the verb estar with the gerund form viendo. Present Progressive ofVer est viendo Ella est viendo a su hija bailar. She is watching her daughter dance. Ver Past Participle The past participle is used to form perfect tenses like the present perfect. Usually the past participle of -er verbs is formed with the ending -ido, but ver is irregular since its past participle is visto. Present Perfect of Ver ha visto Ella ha visto a su hija bailar. She has watched her daughter dance. Ver Conditional Indicative The conditional tense is usually translated to English as would verb. Yo verà ­a Yo verà ­a las noticias todos los dà ­as si no me durmiera tan temprano. I would watch the news every day if I didn't fall asleep so early. Tà º verà ­as Tà º verà ­as a tu hija bailar si no estuvieras ocupada. You would watch your daughter dance if you were not busy. Usted/à ©l/ella verà ­a Ella verà ­a una pelà ­cula con su amiga, pero no se ponen de acuerdo en la pelà ­cula. She would watch a movie with her friend, but they don't agree on a movie. Nosotros verà ­amos Nosotros verà ­amos a muchos pacientes en la clà ­nica si tuvià ©ramos ms doctores. We would see many patients at the clinic if we had more doctors. Vosotros verà ­ais Vosotros verà ­ais a vuestra abuela frecuentemente si vivierais ms cerca. You would seeyour grandma frequently if you lived closer. Ustedes/ellos/ellas verà ­an Ellos verà ­an muchas cosas interesantes en el museo si tuvieran ms tiempo. They would see many interesting things at the museum if they had more time. Ver Present Subjunctive Que yo vea Mi profesor sugiere que yo vea las noticias todos los dà ­as. My professor suggests that I watch the news every day. Que tà º veas La instructora pide que tà º veas a tu hija bailar. The instructor asks that you watch your daughter dance. Que usted/à ©l/ella vea Carlos espera que ella vea una pelà ­cula con su amiga. Carlos hopes that she watches a movie with her friend. Que nosotros veamos El joven espera que nosotros veamos a muchos pacientes en la clà ­nica. The young man hopes that we see many patients at the clinic. Que vosotros veis Vuestra madre espera que vosotros veis a vuestra abuela frecuentemente. Your mother hopes that you see your grandmother frequently. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas vean Pedro recomienda que ellos vean muchas cosas interesantes en el museo. Pedro recommends that they see many interesting things at the museum. Ver Imperfect Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive is used similarly to the present subjunctive, but in situations that happened in the past. There are two options for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive: Option 1 Que yo viera Mi profesor sugerà ­a que yo viera las noticias todos los dà ­as. My professor suggested that I watch the news every day. Que tà º vieras La instructora pedà ­a que tà º vieras a tu hija bailar. The instructor asked that you watch your daughter dance. Que usted/à ©l/ella viera Carlos esperaba que ella viera una pelà ­cula con su amiga. Carlos hoped that she watch a movie with her friend. Que nosotros vià ©ramos El joven esperaba que nosotros vià ©ramos a muchos pacientes en la clà ­nica. The young man hoped that we see many patients at the clinic. Que vosotros vierais Vuestra madre esperaba que vosotros vierais a vuestra abuela frecuentemente. Your mother hoped that you see your grandmother frequently. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas vieran Pedro recomendaba que ellos vieran muchas cosas interesantes en el museo. Pedro recommended that they see many interesting things at the museum. Option 2 Que yo viese Mi profesor sugerà ­a que yo viese las noticias todos los dà ­as. My professor suggested that I watch the news every day. Que tà º vieses La instructora pedà ­a que tà º vieses a tu hija bailar. The instructor asked that you watch your daughter dance. Que usted/à ©l/ella viese Carlos esperaba que ella viese una pelà ­cula con su amiga. Carlos hoped that she watch a movie with her friend. Que nosotros vià ©semos El joven esperaba que nosotros vià ©semos a muchos pacientes en la clà ­nica. The young man hoped that we see many patients at the clinic. Que vosotros vieseis Vuestra madre esperaba que vosotros vieseis a vuestra abuela frecuentemente. Your mother hoped that you see your grandmother frequently. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas viesen Pedro recomendaba que ellos viesen muchas cosas interesantes en el museo. Pedro recommended that they see many interesting things at the museum. Ver Imperative The imperative mood has both positive and negative forms, which are used to give commands. Positive Commands Tà º ve  ¡Ve a tu hija bailar! Watch your daughter dance! Usted vea  ¡Vea una pelà ­cula con su amiga! Watch a movie with your friend! Nosotros veamos  ¡Veamos a muchos pacientes en la clà ­nica! Let's see many patients at the clinic! Vosotros ved  ¡Ved a tu abuela frecuentemente! See your grandma frequently! Ustedes vean  ¡Vean muchas cosas interesantes en el museo! See many interesting things at the museum! Negative Commands Tà º no veas  ¡No veas a tu hija bailar! Don't watch your daughter dance! Usted no vea  ¡No vea una pelà ­cula con su amiga! Don't watch a movie with your friend! Nosotros no veamos  ¡No veamos a muchos pacientes en la clà ­nica! Let's not see many patients at the clinic! Vosotros no veis  ¡No veis a tu abuela frecuentemente! Don't see your grandma frequently! Ustedes no vean  ¡No vean muchas cosas interesantes en el museo! Don't see many interesting things at the museum!

The strategic position and potential opportunities and threats of Essay

The strategic position and potential opportunities and threats of TOPSHOP in the future - Essay Example The brand has also launched its own websites through which customers in USA gets an opportunity to shop. The website is updated 5 times a week and with over 300 styles (Topshop, n.d). Environmental analysis The environmental analysis is done with the help of PEST analysis. This tool helps in detecting the trend of the environment which can become issues in the competitive environment (Henry, 2008, p.51). Political factors The countries political factor in terms of clothing has been shaped by the international trading agreement. But the rules on trade remains complicated and changes rapidly. The trade blocks and trade agreements maintains distortions to free trade, which has resulted in rise in the Chinese exports and a drop in prices for UK consumers (Allwood et.al, 2006, p.8). Economical factors Economical factors have an adverse affect over the industry. ... Social factors The social factors affecting the retail clothing industry includes the age range of buyers which helps the retailer to determine what kinds of product to offer. Topshop has targeted the students and thus they produce fashionable clothing. The disposable income creates an impact on the buying behaviour of the consumers. The buying habits of the consumers are also a matter of concern as the retail outlets needs to match up with the consumers taste and demands. Technological factors With the help of technological factors the retail industry are able to cut down cost, enhance sales and can access customer information by way of bar coding and scanning, by using LAN, utilising the point of sales terminals. The distribution of the products will be done electronically enabling reduction of price due to product supply lines (Wilson, 2001, p.7). Porter’s Five Force Model Porters five force model focuses on five forces that shape the industry. The forces includes bargainin g power of buyer, bargaining power of supplier, threat of new entrant, threat of substitute, and rivalry among the firms. (Refer Appendix A). Bargaining power of supplier The bargaining power of supplier in retail clothing industry would be high because there are many buyers but few dominant suppliers. Topshop clothing is usually designed by fashion designer thus making the bargaining power high. Bargaining power of buyers In a retail clothing industry the bargaining power of the buyers are high because they can easily switch from one brand to another as they have a wide range of options available in the market. Topshop produces fashionable clothing and accessories which are easily available as the product are standardised with other brands thus