Sunday, May 24, 2020

A Brief Note On Road Network On The Widikum Menka Area Essay

4.1 Analysis of Road Network in the Widikum-Menka Area A total of 193.04km of road network exist in the study area (Table 1) and all these are untared except one (the Trans-African Highway) with a road length of 5.87km within the Widikum Municipality that cuts across from Bamenda to Mamfe (Widikum Rural Council, 2014). Table 1: The situation of road network in the Widikum-Menka Area National Regional Streets Total paved Farm to market roads Footpaths Paved Unpaved Paved Unpaved Paved Paved 1 paved unpaved 1 0 - - 0 3.53km 0 74.68km 108.97km Source: Annual Reports Widkum Rural Council, (2005) Earth roads cover 38.7% of the total road network and 56.4% are foot paths while streets are very few and cover only1.8% of the roads. The accessibility of the earth roads to four wheel vehicles is temporal as most of the earth roads are always in deplorable state during the rainy season coupled with frequent landslides that cut most parts of the roads. The poor road conditions and the absence of transport facilities no doubt affect the agricultural landmark of this montane area. This is a major deterrent to any form of development endeavor since the movement of goods and services to and from this area is impaired. This is contrary to the view of Pritchard (1982) who noted that an efficient transport system usually stimulates economic growth and an improvement of the livelihood conditions of rural communities. 4.2 Quantity of agricultural products produced The main

Sunday, May 17, 2020

The Murder of Micaela Costanzo

Micaela Costanzo, 16, was a good kid. She was pretty and popular. She did well in school, and enjoyed being on the high school basketball team and was considered a  local track star. She was close to her mother and sisters. She texted them regularly—especially if she had a change in schedule. So, on March 3, 2011, when Micaela—or Mickey, as everyone called her—didnt text her mother after school or answer her cell phone, her mother knew something was terribly wrong. Micaela Costanzo Goes Missing Mickey was last seen around 5 p.m. leaving through the back doors of West Wendover High School in West Wendover, Nevada. Normally, her sister picked her up from school but on this day, her sister was out of town and Mickey had planned to walk home. When she didnt arrive, her mother began calling her friends and finally the police, who immediately began investigating the teens disappearance. They interviewed her classmates and friends, including her childhood pal Kody Patten, who gave police the same story as her other friends: the last time he saw Mickey, he said, was outside the school around 5 p.m. A Gruesome Discovery at the Gravel Pits Many people organized search parties and began combing the vast desert surrounding the town, including an area known as the gravel pits. Two days later, a searcher noticed fresh tire tracks leading to what looked like fresh blood and a suspicious mound covered by sagebrush. Investigators uncovered Mickeys body. Shed been beaten and stabbed repeatedly on her face and neck. A plastic tie was found around one of Mickeys arms. The  evidence  indicated to police that shed been brought unwillingly to the location where she was murdered. Investigators turned to the schools surveillance cameras for more clues. Person of Interest When investigators found calls and text messages to Patten on Mickeys phone records at the time she disappeared, he became a person of interest in the case. In addition, school surveillance video showed Mickey and Patten in the hallway leading to the exit where she disappeared minutes later. In his first interview, Patten told police hed last seen Mickey with her boyfriend at the front of the school. Everyone else said she was at the back of the building. The High School Couple Mickey Costanzo and Kody Patten had known each other since they were kids. They stayed friends as they got older but socially, they went their separate ways. Patten became involved with Toni Fratto, a devout Mormon who, like Mickey, was popular at school. Fratto was dedicated to Patten and wanted to help the volatile teen reach his goal of joining the Marines. After dating a while, Patten and Fratto decided that they wanted to get married. Patten even joined the Mormon faith so that the couple could marry in the temple. Patten was 6-foot-8, with a quick temper—at home, and at school. After a bad fight with his father, he moved into Frattos house. Frattos parents were conflicted about having Patten stay there. Their primary concern was for their daughter, whom they knew was in love with Patten. They were also worried that Fratto might move out to be with Patten. In the end, they agreed to let him move into their home, where they could keep an eye on their daughters fiancà ©. The senior Frattos relationship with Patten improved and soon they considered him part of the family. Jealousy and Manipulation Toni Fratto was insecure about her relationship with Patten, and even more so about Pattens friendship with Mickey. Fratto kept a diary and wrote about her insecurities. She believed Patten loved Mickey and one day, he would leave her for his childhood friend. Patten began to use Frattos jealousy as a perverse form of entertainment. He would create scenes that he knew she would react to, including talking and texting with Mickey. According to Mickeys family, for months Fratto verbally insulted Mickey. Mickeys sister recalled that Mickey told her she disliked the drama, that she had a boyfriend, and that she wasnt interested in Patten. But the taunts continued and Fratto became convinced that Mickey would ruin her relationship with Patten. The First Confession Once Patten was established as the primary person of interest in the case, the police asked him to come in for an interview. It didnt take long for Patten to break down. Encouraged by his father, he confessed to his involvement in Mickeys death. Patten told police that he and Mickey had gone for a drive to the gravel pit after school. They began arguing. He said she told him to break off his engagement with Fratto  and start dating her instead—which he refused to do. The argument turned physical. When Mickey began to hit him in his chest, he shoved her back. She fell, hit her head, and went into convulsions. Not knowing what to do, he Patten tried to knock her out by hitting her in the head with a shovel. Patten said she was still making sounds, so he slashed her throat to get her to stop. Realizing she was dead, he buried her in a shallow grave and tried to burn her personal belongings. Patten was arrested and charged with first-degree murder with the possibility of a death sentence. He hired attorney John Ohlson, who had a reputation for keeping killers off of death row. Frattos Reaction Devastated by Pattens arrest, Fratto visited, wrote, and called him, telling him that she missed him and would always stand by him. Then in April 2011, while her parents were out of town, Fratto—dressed in her pajamas and accompanied by Pattens father—went to Ohlsons office and tape-recorded an entirely different version of the circumstances of Mickeys murder. Fratto said that after school she received a text from Patten with the words, Ive got her. That meant Mickey was in an SUV that Patten had borrowed and he was on his way to pick Fratto up. The three went to the gravel pits. Mickey and Patten got out of the car. Mickey began yelling at Patten and pushed him. Fratto said she diverted her eyes but heard a loud thud and got out of the SUV to see what had happened. She said Mickey was lying on the ground, not moving. Patten began to dig a grave. By the time he was finished, Mickey was semiconscious. They kicked, punched, and hit her with the shovel. When she stopped moving, they placed her in the grave and took turns slitting her throat. Fratto also admitted to sitting on Mickeys legs to hold her down during the attack. Since Patten was his client, not Fratto, there was no attorney-client privilege and Ohlson immediately turned the tape over to the police. Toni Fratto, who had not even been a suspect, was subsequently booked, charged with murder, and held without bail. Plea Deals Both Patten and Fratto were offered plea deals. Patten agreed  at first but then changed his mind. Fratto agreed to plead guilty to second-degree murder and testify against the man who she promised to stand by forever. The confession Fratto gave to the police differed from the one shed given Pattens attorney. This time, she said Patten was mad at Mickey and when she got into the SUV, she saw Mickey stuffed in the back, scared, with her hands up to her face. Patten sent Fratto a text saying, We have to kill her. When they got to the gravel pits, he ordered Fratto to stand guard. Patten dug the grave and told Fratto to hit Mickey, but she refused. Patten began punching Mickey and told Fratto to hit her with the shovel. Fratto hit Mickey in the shoulder and Patten hit her in the head. While on the ground, Fratto held down Mickeys legs. At some point, Mickey looked up at Patten and asked if she was still alive and if she could go home. Patten slit her throat with a knife. In April 2012, Fratto, 19, pled guilty to second-degree murder with a deadly weapon in the death of Micaela Costanzo and was sentenced to life behind bars with the possibility of parole in 18 years. As of August 2018, she was sent to the Florence McClure Womens Correctional Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. Patten Gives Another Version of Events In a meeting about a plea deal, Patten later gave another version of what happened the day Mickey died. He said Fratto had confronted Mickey in school that day and called her a slut. Patten suggested that Fratto and Mickey meet and talk it out. Fratto said she wanted to fight it out and Mickey had agreed. That was as far as Patten got with this version of the story. He stopped after his attorney recommended that he turn down the plea deal. In May 2012, Patten agreed to plead guilty to first-degree murder to avoid the death penalty in the death of Micaela Costanzo. As part of the presentence report, Patten wrote a letter to the judge denying that he had killed Mickey. He laid the blame solely on Fratto, saying that she slit Mickeys throat. The judge didnt buy it. He sentenced Patten to life, telling him, Your blood runs cold, Mr. Patten. There shall be no possibility of parole. As of August 2018, Patten was incarcerated in Ely State Prison in White Pine County, Nevada. One Final Version? With the two killers locked away from one another, Fratto had time to reconsider her situation. She offered one more version of the deadly story. In an interview with Dateline NBC’s Keith Morrison, she said that she had been abused and controlled by Patten during most of their relationship and that he forced her to participate in murdering Mickey. She feared for her life after she saw him beat Mickey, she said and had no choice but to go along with what he wanted.

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

An Evaluation Of The Course Review - 828 Words

An evaluation of the course review reveals that there is an ethical ridge that many run along when attempting to conduct qualitative research. The IRB (Institutional Review Board) was ordained into federal law to maintain the sanctity and protection of research involving human research subjects. The rules prescribe that an evaluation must realize any potential, hazards, risks both physical and psychological that can occur during the study. The IRB review board (OHRP) *see references, must review all human research and give approval before the actual research can commence to the next levels. This process also includes any surveys, questionnaires etc... That may exist. All researchers are expected to be held responsible for ensuring that all†¦show more content†¦Typically, this approach is derived from problem formulation as to the generation of conclusions supporting said theories. This application however is not indicative to a sound qualitative research study which fall sho rt of adequately addressing the logic, reasoning and process involving a qualitative course of research. Qualitative studies should focus on a â€Å"research design that should be a reflexive process operating through every stage of a project† (Hammersley Atkinson, 1995). Additionally, (Kaplan , 1964) intimated that a variation between â€Å"logic-in-use† of a certain study focus along with â€Å"reconstructed logic† involving research can be interpreted as a design-in-use type scenario as related by (Maxwell Loomis, 2002). The research model formulated under this process generally is composed of five characteristics as follows; validity, methods, research questions, conceptual framework and Goals. The ethical relation to the course of research according to (Maxwell Loomis, 2002) is not specifically categorized as an individual element to the aforementioned above characterizations as they felt that it should be considered automatically adhered to each and every facet involving the research in its entirety. There is no doubt that the ethical standards involving research should be expected as purveyed by authors such as (Christians, 2000; Fien, Weis, Weseen, Wong, 2000; Denzin Lincoln, 2000). In conclusion it is evident that the mostShow MoreRelatedEvaluating Course Quality And Faculty Teaching1346 Words   |  6 PagesEvaluating Course Quality and Faculty Teaching Evaluating courses are important for ensuring that the student’s educational needs are being met. Furthermore, it ensures the education being provided aligns with the institution’s mission, goals and policy. Students, peer faculty members, and administrators all play significant roles in the evaluation process. The course I chose to evaluate is an online, undergraduate, and didactic course. Three different evaluation tools are discussed that assessesRead MoreEvaluation Of The Internship Project1270 Words   |  6 PagesKentucky University. To become familiar with the different uses of simulation and its evaluation within the nursing realm, completion of a comprehensive review of the literature occurred. Hence, the search included the use of Google Scholar, PubMed, and EBSCOhost database to aid with the search of pertinent literature. Identifying keywords selected for the search were nursing simulation, nursing simulation evaluation, and nursing simulation rubrics. Published articles chosen fell between the yearsRead MoreEvaluation Of The Internship Project Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pagesof simulation and its evaluation within the nursing realm, completion of a comprehensive review of the literature occurred. Hence, the search included the use of Google Scholar, PubMed, and EBSCOhost databases to aid with the search of pertinent literature. Identifying keywords selected for the search were nursing simulation, nursing simulation evaluation, and nursing simulation rubrics. Published articles chosen for review fell between 2010 and 2015. Secondly, a review of the curriculum learningRead MoreEvaluation Of The Internship Project Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pagessimulation and its evaluation within the nursing realm, completion of a comprehensive review of the literature occurred. Hence, the search included the use of Google Scholar, PubMed, and EBSCOhost databases to aid with the search of pertinent literature. Identifying keywords selected for the search were nursing simulation, nursing simulation evaluation, and nursing simulation rubrics. Published articles chosen for review fell between the years of 2010 and 2015. Afterwards, a review of the curriculumRead MoreDr. Todd Cherner s Application For Retention895 Words   |  4 PagesCherner has completed his third academic year at Coastal Carolina University as a pre-tenured faculty and has submitted his documentation for third year review. As the Chair of the Department of Master of Arts in Teaching, Middle Level Education, Special Education and Physical Education in the Spadoni College of Education, I have completed my evaluation of Dr. Cherner’s documentation for retention beyond the third year, in accordance with the University’s 2012-2013 Faculty Manual Promotion and TenureRead MoreEvaluation Of The Internship Project1265 Words   |  6 Pagesand its evaluation within the nursing realm, completion of a comprehensive review of the literature occurred. Hence, the search included the use of Google Scholar, PubMed, and EBSCOhost database to aid with the search of pertinent literature. Keywords used for the search were nursing si mulation, nursing simulation evaluation, and nursing simulation rubrics. Published articles chosen fell between the years of 2010 and 2015. Afterwards, the creation of the rubric began with the review of the curriculumRead MoreAcc 5431072 Words   |  5 PagesGuillermo Furniture Scenario and review the Guillermo Furniture Data Sheets on the student website. Enter your name in cell A3 of the Income Information tab in the Guillermo Furniture Data Sheets. Submit the exact name you entered to your instructor. Obtain the number that is shown as a result for total assets on the Assets, Liabilities, and Equity In tab. Submit the number for total assets to your instructor. Differentiate among the various capital budget evaluation techniques. Explain howRead MoreCollege Website Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents can view reviews left on different professors from their peers. Professor rating websites are important for students because it helps them choose a great professor that will help them receive the knowledge the need to obtain their degree. Colleges send out emails to students giving them the opportunity to rate their professor. Students know these evaluations aren’t anonymous so they don’t put what’s really on their mind. According to one author, â€Å"anonymous student evaluations can provide honestRead MoreEvaluation And Evaluation Of A Rubric For Nursing Simulation Essay1486 Words   |  6 PagesAdditionally, an evaluation of the nursing simulation also serves an important role in determining the effectiveness of the activity in meeting the objectives of various nursing curricula. Completing, recording, and studying the outcomes of a methodical evaluation, such as a rubric, are foundational to the enhancement of both the procedure and results (Robinson Dearmon, 2013). This capstone project specifically concentrates on the development, implementation, and evaluation of a rubric for nursingRead MoreCapstone Project : Nursing Simulation Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesAdditionally, an evaluat ion of the nursing simulation also serves an important role in determining the effectiveness of the activity in meeting the objectives of various nursing curricula. Completing, recording, and studying the outcomes of a methodical evaluation, such as a rubric, are foundational to the enhancement of both the procedure and results (Robinson Dearmon, 2013). This capstone project specifically concentrates on the development, implementation, and evaluation of a rubric for nursing

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

John Frankenheimer s The Day The Earth Stood Still ( 1951 )

A Definition of a Political Hero as portrayed in The Manchurian Candidate (1950) and The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951) The two films John Frankenheimer’s The Manchurian Candidate (1950) and Dr. Robert Wise’s The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), both display heroism through politics, which shape the plot and characters who act as heroes. In Frankenheimer’s film, one focuses on a political family during the communist conspiracy. The army is supposedly brainwashed, leading Raymond Shaw into an assassination. Major Ben Marco steps up and is a phenomenal leader for his country. He is the noticeable hero for attempting to make things better, and for stopping the corruption that could take place. Wise’s film was one of fearless acts. Klaatu meant no harm although he was shot when coming down out of the spaceship because no one had a clue what was happening. The setting was not crucial to the action of this film. The timing and scenario held a higher significance. Although heroes can be thought of as typically accomplishing a good deal and saving someone, the heroes throughout th ese two films shape a definition contrary to a typical thought. Through studying the mise-en-scà ¨ne, continuous and discontinuous movement in these films, the hero can be defined as one who takes selfless action to better the life of others. Throughout Frankenheimer’s The Manchurian Candidate we can expand our awareness of the great achievements made by Major Ben Marco. The opening scene of this film

How to Find Essay Topics Middle School

How to Find Essay Topics Middle School New Ideas Into Essay Topics Middle School Never Before Revealed The way the American Civil War impacted the world for a whole. To talk about the effects of playing video games about how they're affecting us slowly over the time and strategies to prevent such complex situations is the secret objective. You have all the reasons to look for the help of an expert college essay writer. The Essay Topics Middle School Chronicles If you seek secrets how to compose an informative essay, make an opportunity to supply professionally summarized information at the start of your article. The conclusion of essay, that's the previous part, should become your opportunity to create your readers understand the entire point of your topic. Examining either side of the issue can assist your readers form their own opinions. Cause and effect essay topics are thought to be a simple staff, but they ought to be catchy. You are able to find more topic ideas by abiding by the suggested link. Consider which of the possible topics would be the most helpful for the reader. This list can provide you some ideas where you can discover a really intriguing topic for your evaluative essay. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's essential to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the specific area of study. Another good idea is to receive some absolutely free essay examples of different kinds and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a prosperous debatable paper looks. The first thing you've got to do is think of a topic that you need to right about. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the main matter to do is to select a topic and an argument which you can really get behind. Some schools in the USA are requiring that students volunteer for a number of hours each semester to assist on a community issue. The USA lags behind many nations in education. Imagine your school does not own a school newspaper. School tests aren't powerful. Think of what you could do in order to make your school more beautiful. School should happen in the evenings. If you're writing an argumentative essay as a middle school student you need to make certain you select a great essay topic. Students may write informational essays quite a few ways. They must be aware that the main purpose of an informative essay is to educate the readers on a specific subject. A thesis has to be arguable like in an argumentative or persuasive essay to create the readers wish to debate. You ought to be sure to understand everything clearly when you go for an essay topic. If it is time to find a great topic for an evaluation essay, you can come across all your ideas too easy and ordinary. Permit the professional academic writers help to your informative paper! Explaining how to spend less by employing open-source texts and internet textbook rental websites would result in an extremely informative essay. If you're in a college and need to compose an argumentative essay, you should pick a subject of high importance. Students who find it hard to compose an informative essay after reviewing examples and suggestions from experts don't have to panic. Introducing Essay Topics Middle School It isn't enough to describe a particular topic a student should function as a specialist in the chosen field by offering specific examples and educating the audience on the given problem. Students will discover that it's simpler to write about topics that they're interested in, and it'll make the researching process much simpler.

Joan DIdion, At the Dam summary free essay sample

Joan Didion’s â€Å"At the Dam† illustrates that beauty can only be truly appreciated when it’s in isolation. This whole essay is about the Hoover Dam and why Joan Didion believes it has such an enchanting beauty. â€Å"At the Dam† begins by explaining the first time Didion saw the Dam and why it shall be remembered for all time. Then she informs us on the history of the alien-like Dam. Finally, she states that the Dam itself is not beautiful; it’s the isolation of it. Since 1967 Joan Didion has not been able to forget the Hoover Dam. We will write a custom essay sample on Joan DIdion, At the Dam summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Didion could be in a totally different place and the Dam will suddenly emerge in her mind. She may hear the turbines, or see the shadow of the cables, or sometimes she even wonders what could be happening at the Dam right now; â€Å"At this precise intersection of time and space†, what could possibly be happening at the Hoover Dam. Before Didion had even thought of the Dam, how it would someday captivate her so vividly she would never forget its haunting sight, the world thought of it first. It was an idea that sat in the world’s mind for 40 years. The Hoover Dam is a attraction of the Boulder Canyon project. Didion pointed out that the Dam was â€Å"fait accompli† an accomplished fact; something that started out as an idea and grew into something bigger. It was now a solid fact that â€Å"mankinds greatest promise lay in american engineering. † After talking about the initial effect the Dam has on her, she then describes the history of when she visited the dam and the history of the Dam itself. In building this monument 96 men had died; thus is one of the reasons why Didion believes the Dam derives an emotional effect. Another reason is because she believes the dam is timeless. For example the bronze sculptures that stand there, the flag moving throught the canyon winds, or even a pepsi-cola can clattering across the ground. However, Didion also believes that the history does not explain the intense emotional effect the dam brings her. She enlightens us by telling her story of when she revisited the Dam. She went back to the dam and walked around with a man from the Bureau of Reclamation (2nd largest supporter of wholesale water). He took her through the parts of the dam many vistors don’t get to see. Didion explained that throughout the afternoon he would point out certain fetures but she was fixated on how alien the Dam felt to her; she felt as if she was in another world. Lastly Didion addresses of the overall effect the Dam has on anyone who may visit. She states that the Dam is basically beyond time and space. Everywhere else in the world, when the wind was blowing, there was dust. However Didion did not notice any dust what she saw was â€Å"the rock and the dam and the little greasewood and a few garbage cans, their tops chained, banging against the fence. † After that Didion realizes she did comprehend what she first witnessed. To Didion the Dam is a world we have not witnessed for there is no one there; it is in complete and absolute isolation. She realizes that the Dam seems so alien because beauty can seem that way when its isolation; it’s when she can truly appreciate beauty

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Project Management Defining Success Essay Example For Students

Project Management: Defining Success Essay Project Management: Shaping Success Contentss Executive Summary 2 The Components of Success 3 Failure Case Studies: 3.1 The Big Dig, Boston, USA 4 3.2 World Cup 2022, Qatar 6 3.3 Sydney Opera House 8 A Success Narrative: London Olympics, 2012 10 Common Failures and Comparison with Success 12 Decisions and Recommendations 13 Bibliography 14 15 Executive Summary The study focuses upon the components of undertaking success and provides cardinal recommendations to heighten the company’s policy manual and understanding. The components are: Timescale Cost Quality Health and Safety Bequest Case surveies analyzing undertakings which are established as being overly flawed in one or more country characteristic: The Boston ‘big dig’ , USA ( timescale, cost, quality, safety ) Katar 2022 World Cup ( safety, bequest, quality ) Sydney Opera House ( timescale, cost ) In contrast, the London 2012 Olympic undertaking is regarded as a major success. This expansive undertaking was delivered safely on clip, on budget and boasts a positive bequest. Failures common to the flawed undertakings are compared to the success of the Olympics. These company qualities constitute undertaking direction success: accomplishing ambitious public presentation marks developing partnerships Having a trained, integrated, experient and motivated work force puting value delivered over costs saved THE CONSTITUENTS OF SUCCESS Project direction is a continuously germinating subject. There is no aureate expression to guarantee perfect success ( Smith, 2008 ) . However, understanding gained through experience, investing in preparation and development of marks helps gain a undertaking every bit successfully as possible. The components of success may be identified as: Timescale. A successful company adheres to specify aims, plans efficaciously, anticipates jobs and delivers a undertaking to the client by an in agreement deadline. Finance. This is non merely about maintaining costs low and within a defined budget, but about presenting the best value. Waste should be minimised and labour efficiency maximised. Margins are traditionally low in the industry ( Egan, 1998 ) : a successful company does non simply survive but makes a good adequate net income to: Continue presenting the best value for clients and stakeholders Attract long term stockholders Invest in preparation, research and merchandise development. Be honest and realistic about budgets Quality. There should be no edifice defects and through value direction, client outlooks should non merely be met but exceeded. Through quality, a successful company retains and grows their client base and develops partnering agreements. Partnerships with major clients cut down cost and timescales ( Egan, 1998 ) . Health and Safety. A successful undertaking ensures a dearth of hurts and avoids human deaths. Bequest. A successful undertaking leaves an appropriate, permanent imprint in the undermentioned ways: Political – advancing substructure and industry betterment. Economic – bring forthing income for the country. Environmental – sustainability, adhering to low C building. Cultural – profiting all stakeholders. Technical – forcing the boundaries of accomplishment. Ideally wining on all degrees, undertakings may alternatively win in one or more country but fail overly in other countries. Three instances deemed overall failures are examined. FailureCASE STUDIES THE ‘BIG DIG’ , BOSTON, USA Figure 1 The Big Dig or Central Artery/Tunnel Project ( Geotimes, 2002 ) The ‘Big Dig’ , launched in 1991, was the most expensive building strategy in U.S. history designed to replace an out-of-date main road bing the economic system $ 500 m/year ( Silverman, 2015 ) . The undertaking was originally estimated at $ 2.6 billion due for completion in 1998 ( National Academy of Engineering, 2003 ) . However, holds pushed the undertaking completion day of the month to 2007 with cost overproductions of $ 12.2 billion ( Silverman, 2015 ) . There were legion grounds for the undertaking delays: Tunnel leaks caused by deficiency of due diligence Program holds due to legion alterations of the signature overseas telegram stayed span Change of direction and communicating issues Failure to pull off client and stakeholder engagement Challenges of set abouting building alongside day-to-day public usage Additionally, a calamity occurred when ceiling panels in a tunnel collapsed, doing a human death and ensuing in extended judicial proceeding for direction. Federal probe blamed unequal stuffs and the undertaking s intensifying budget ( LeBlanc, 2007 ) . The inordinate failures of the undertaking led to extended rating. Figure 2 shows the altering entire undertaking cost. Inflation contributed to a great extent about $ 6.5 billion. However, the true impact was hard to measure due to the dynamic interplay of range, agenda and building costs. Extenuation costs were inadequately quantified ( National Academy of Engineering, 2003 ) . Figure 2 Cost History and Scope Evolution, in 1000000s of dollars ( Data from Edwards, 2002 ) 2022 WORLD CUP, QATAR Figure 3 Stadium building site ( Bhatia, 2014 ) The 2022 World Cup in Qatar is another outstanding illustration of direction failure. It remains to be seen whether the undertaking will complete on clip and on budget, although the figure reported by Deloitte is an inordinate $ 200 billion USD ( Figure 4 ) ( Deloitte, 2013 ) . However, irrespective of concluding public presentation in these respects, the undertaking will be remembered as an dismaying failure in safe and responsible building. Reports have emerged exposing unethical ( and in some instances, illegal ) practises on the portion of contractors responsible for the assorted sites and developments. Stem Cell Research EssayTable 5.1: Comparison common failure subjects with success. Standard Failure Success Timescale Absence of planning, deficiency of communicating and unrealistic aspirations. Early-stage planning, integrated squads and realistic ends. Finance Lack of truth and honestness with the budget. Openness and transparence with the budget. Quality Substandard stuffs, undelivered value and inexperient contractors. Good quality of physique, value delivered to the client and stakeholders. Health and Safety Fatalities, hurts, no province concern over worker public assistance and development. Safety as a precedence, no human deaths, hurt rate good below industry norm. Bequest Litigation jobs, all stakeholders non profiting and negative economic impact. Re-usable installations, urban regeneration, cultural pride, good to community and economic additions. It is clear that a undertaking may be deemed a success if the above standards are achieved with the exclusion of lodging stiffly to an original budget. Ultimately, the British Government was right in passing more to wholly accomplish the other four standards. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This study concludes that holding control and bid of the five countries outlined in subdivisions 2 and 5 constitutes success. If a undertaking is a proficient success but fails on other degrees, so it may be deemed an overall failure. Equally, salvaging money does non compare to success or presenting the best value for stakeholders and passing money does non vouch safety. The policy manual should therefore province that the company: Establishes and adheres to a system of clear public presentation marks. Leting rating of quality and public presentation. Pursues a civilization of set uping partnering relationships with clients offering repetition concern. Bettering efficiency. Decreasing the demand for tendering and contracts ( Egan, 1998 ) . Employs an incorporate, trained, safe and motivated work force. Sharing and pooling experience across subjects. Working together on legion undertakings. Avoiding human deaths and major hurts. Considers finance by value delivered instead than money saved. Exuding fiscal honestness and transparence. Bibliography Bolt, H. Haslam, R. Gibb, A. Waterson, P. , ( 2012 ) .Pre-conditioning for success.Loughborough: HSE, ( RR955 ) . Booth, R. , Pattison, P. 2014. Qatar World Cup bowl workers earn every bit small as 45p an hr . Bida: The Guardian. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jul/29/qatar-world-cup-stadium-workers-earn-45p-hour Booth, R. , Pattison, P. 2014. Qatar World Cup: migrators wait a twelvemonth to be paid for edifice offices . Bida: The Guardian. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jul/28/qatar-world-cup-migrants-not-paid-building-office Bust, P. ( 2011 ) .Learning bequest.Loughborough: Loughborough University, ( ODA 2011/269 ) . Deloitte, 2013.Insight into the Qatar building market and chances for existent estate developers.Middle East: Deloitte Corporate Finance Limited. Department of Culture, Media and Sport. ( 2010 ) .November London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic budget study published Anticipated concluding cost down ?29m.Gov Announcements Online. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gov.uk/government/news/november-london-2012-olympic-and-paralympic-budget-report-published-anticipated-final-cost-down-29m 2 [ Accessed 25/02/2015 Department for Culture, Media and Sport, ( 2012 ) .London 2012 Olympic And Paralympic Games – Quarterly Report.London: DCMS DLA Piper, 2014.Migrant labor in the building sector in the province of Qatar.Katar: DLA Piper UK LLP Egan, J. , The Construction Task Force.Rethinking Construction.1998. . Available from: Uniform resource locatorhypertext transfer protocol: //www.constructingexcellence.org.uk/pdf/rethinking % 20construction/rethinking_construction_report.pdf . Egan, J. , The Strategic Forum for Construction.Accelerating Change.ISBN 1 898671 28 1. Rethinking Construction, Construction Industry Council. ENOCHLAU. ( 2006 )Sydney Opera House Sails. . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg # filehistory. Wikipedia. . 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