An Evaluation Of The Course Review - 828 Words

An evaluation of the course review reveals that there is an ethical ridge that many run along when attempting to conduct qualitative research. The IRB (Institutional Review Board) was ordained into federal law to maintain the sanctity and protection of research involving human research subjects. The rules prescribe that an evaluation must realize any potential, hazards, risks both physical and psychological that can occur during the study. The IRB review board (OHRP) *see references, must review all human research and give approval before the actual research can commence to the next levels. This process also includes any surveys, questionnaires etc... That may exist. All researchers are expected to be held responsible for ensuring that all†¦show more content†¦Typically, this approach is derived from problem formulation as to the generation of conclusions supporting said theories. This application however is not indicative to a sound qualitative research study which fall sho rt of adequately addressing the logic, reasoning and process involving a qualitative course of research. Qualitative studies should focus on a â€Å"research design that should be a reflexive process operating through every stage of a project† (Hammersley Atkinson, 1995). Additionally, (Kaplan , 1964) intimated that a variation between â€Å"logic-in-use† of a certain study focus along with â€Å"reconstructed logic† involving research can be interpreted as a design-in-use type scenario as related by (Maxwell Loomis, 2002). The research model formulated under this process generally is composed of five characteristics as follows; validity, methods, research questions, conceptual framework and Goals. The ethical relation to the course of research according to (Maxwell Loomis, 2002) is not specifically categorized as an individual element to the aforementioned above characterizations as they felt that it should be considered automatically adhered to each and every facet involving the research in its entirety. There is no doubt that the ethical standards involving research should be expected as purveyed by authors such as (Christians, 2000; Fien, Weis, Weseen, Wong, 2000; Denzin Lincoln, 2000). In conclusion it is evident that the mostShow MoreRelatedEvaluating Course Quality And Faculty Teaching1346 Words   |  6 PagesEvaluating Course Quality and Faculty Teaching Evaluating courses are important for ensuring that the student’s educational needs are being met. Furthermore, it ensures the education being provided aligns with the institution’s mission, goals and policy. Students, peer faculty members, and administrators all play significant roles in the evaluation process. The course I chose to evaluate is an online, undergraduate, and didactic course. Three different evaluation tools are discussed that assessesRead MoreEvaluation Of The Internship Project1270 Words   |  6 PagesKentucky University. To become familiar with the different uses of simulation and its evaluation within the nursing realm, completion of a comprehensive review of the literature occurred. Hence, the search included the use of Google Scholar, PubMed, and EBSCOhost database to aid with the search of pertinent literature. Identifying keywords selected for the search were nursing simulation, nursing simulation evaluation, and nursing simulation rubrics. Published articles chosen fell between the yearsRead MoreEvaluation Of The Internship Project Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pagesof simulation and its evaluation within the nursing realm, completion of a comprehensive review of the literature occurred. 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John Frankenheimer s The Day The Earth Stood Still ( 1951 )

A Definition of a Political Hero as portrayed in The Manchurian Candidate (1950) and The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951) The two films John Frankenheimer’s The Manchurian Candidate (1950) and Dr. Robert Wise’s The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), both display heroism through politics, which shape the plot and characters who act as heroes. In Frankenheimer’s film, one focuses on a political family during the communist conspiracy. The army is supposedly brainwashed, leading Raymond Shaw into an assassination. Major Ben Marco steps up and is a phenomenal leader for his country. He is the noticeable hero for attempting to make things better, and for stopping the corruption that could take place. Wise’s film was one of fearless acts. Klaatu meant no harm although he was shot when coming down out of the spaceship because no one had a clue what was happening. The setting was not crucial to the action of this film. The timing and scenario held a higher significance. Although heroes can be thought of as typically accomplishing a good deal and saving someone, the heroes throughout th ese two films shape a definition contrary to a typical thought. Through studying the mise-en-scà ¨ne, continuous and discontinuous movement in these films, the hero can be defined as one who takes selfless action to better the life of others. Throughout Frankenheimer’s The Manchurian Candidate we can expand our awareness of the great achievements made by Major Ben Marco. The opening scene of this film

How to Find Essay Topics Middle School

How to Find Essay Topics Middle School New Ideas Into Essay Topics Middle School Never Before Revealed The way the American Civil War impacted the world for a whole. To talk about the effects of playing video games about how they're affecting us slowly over the time and strategies to prevent such complex situations is the secret objective. You have all the reasons to look for the help of an expert college essay writer. The Essay Topics Middle School Chronicles If you seek secrets how to compose an informative essay, make an opportunity to supply professionally summarized information at the start of your article. The conclusion of essay, that's the previous part, should become your opportunity to create your readers understand the entire point of your topic. Examining either side of the issue can assist your readers form their own opinions. Cause and effect essay topics are thought to be a simple staff, but they ought to be catchy. You are able to find more topic ideas by abiding by the suggested link. Consider which of the possible topics would be the most helpful for the reader. This list can provide you some ideas where you can discover a really intriguing topic for your evaluative essay. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's essential to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the specific area of study. Another good idea is to receive some absolutely free essay examples of different kinds and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a prosperous debatable paper looks. The first thing you've got to do is think of a topic that you need to right about. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the main matter to do is to select a topic and an argument which you can really get behind. Some schools in the USA are requiring that students volunteer for a number of hours each semester to assist on a community issue. The USA lags behind many nations in education. Imagine your school does not own a school newspaper. School tests aren't powerful. Think of what you could do in order to make your school more beautiful. School should happen in the evenings. If you're writing an argumentative essay as a middle school student you need to make certain you select a great essay topic. Students may write informational essays quite a few ways. They must be aware that the main purpose of an informative essay is to educate the readers on a specific subject. A thesis has to be arguable like in an argumentative or persuasive essay to create the readers wish to debate. You ought to be sure to understand everything clearly when you go for an essay topic. If it is time to find a great topic for an evaluation essay, you can come across all your ideas too easy and ordinary. Permit the professional academic writers help to your informative paper! Explaining how to spend less by employing open-source texts and internet textbook rental websites would result in an extremely informative essay. If you're in a college and need to compose an argumentative essay, you should pick a subject of high importance. Students who find it hard to compose an informative essay after reviewing examples and suggestions from experts don't have to panic. Introducing Essay Topics Middle School It isn't enough to describe a particular topic a student should function as a specialist in the chosen field by offering specific examples and educating the audience on the given problem. Students will discover that it's simpler to write about topics that they're interested in, and it'll make the researching process much simpler.

Joan DIdion, At the Dam summary free essay sample

Joan Didion’s â€Å"At the Dam† illustrates that beauty can only be truly appreciated when it’s in isolation. This whole essay is about the Hoover Dam and why Joan Didion believes it has such an enchanting beauty. â€Å"At the Dam† begins by explaining the first time Didion saw the Dam and why it shall be remembered for all time. Then she informs us on the history of the alien-like Dam. Finally, she states that the Dam itself is not beautiful; it’s the isolation of it. Since 1967 Joan Didion has not been able to forget the Hoover Dam. We will write a custom essay sample on Joan DIdion, At the Dam summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Didion could be in a totally different place and the Dam will suddenly emerge in her mind. She may hear the turbines, or see the shadow of the cables, or sometimes she even wonders what could be happening at the Dam right now; â€Å"At this precise intersection of time and space†, what could possibly be happening at the Hoover Dam. Before Didion had even thought of the Dam, how it would someday captivate her so vividly she would never forget its haunting sight, the world thought of it first. It was an idea that sat in the world’s mind for 40 years. The Hoover Dam is a attraction of the Boulder Canyon project. Didion pointed out that the Dam was â€Å"fait accompli† an accomplished fact; something that started out as an idea and grew into something bigger. It was now a solid fact that â€Å"mankinds greatest promise lay in american engineering. † After talking about the initial effect the Dam has on her, she then describes the history of when she visited the dam and the history of the Dam itself. In building this monument 96 men had died; thus is one of the reasons why Didion believes the Dam derives an emotional effect. Another reason is because she believes the dam is timeless. For example the bronze sculptures that stand there, the flag moving throught the canyon winds, or even a pepsi-cola can clattering across the ground. However, Didion also believes that the history does not explain the intense emotional effect the dam brings her. She enlightens us by telling her story of when she revisited the Dam. She went back to the dam and walked around with a man from the Bureau of Reclamation (2nd largest supporter of wholesale water). He took her through the parts of the dam many vistors don’t get to see. Didion explained that throughout the afternoon he would point out certain fetures but she was fixated on how alien the Dam felt to her; she felt as if she was in another world. Lastly Didion addresses of the overall effect the Dam has on anyone who may visit. She states that the Dam is basically beyond time and space. Everywhere else in the world, when the wind was blowing, there was dust. However Didion did not notice any dust what she saw was â€Å"the rock and the dam and the little greasewood and a few garbage cans, their tops chained, banging against the fence. † After that Didion realizes she did comprehend what she first witnessed. To Didion the Dam is a world we have not witnessed for there is no one there; it is in complete and absolute isolation. She realizes that the Dam seems so alien because beauty can seem that way when its isolation; it’s when she can truly appreciate beauty

Project Management Defining Success Essay Example For Students

Project Management: Defining Success Essay Project Management: Shaping Success Contentss Executive Summary 2 The Components of Success 3 Failure Case Studies: 3.1 The Big Dig, Boston, USA 4 3.2 World Cup 2022, Qatar 6 3.3 Sydney Opera House 8 A Success Narrative: London Olympics, 2012 10 Common Failures and Comparison with Success 12 Decisions and Recommendations 13 Bibliography 14 15 Executive Summary The study focuses upon the components of undertaking success and provides cardinal recommendations to heighten the company’s policy manual and understanding. The components are: Timescale Cost Quality Health and Safety Bequest Case surveies analyzing undertakings which are established as being overly flawed in one or more country characteristic: The Boston ‘big dig’ , USA ( timescale, cost, quality, safety ) Katar 2022 World Cup ( safety, bequest, quality ) Sydney Opera House ( timescale, cost ) In contrast, the London 2012 Olympic undertaking is regarded as a major success. This expansive undertaking was delivered safely on clip, on budget and boasts a positive bequest. Failures common to the flawed undertakings are compared to the success of the Olympics. These company qualities constitute undertaking direction success: accomplishing ambitious public presentation marks developing partnerships Having a trained, integrated, experient and motivated work force puting value delivered over costs saved THE CONSTITUENTS OF SUCCESS Project direction is a continuously germinating subject. There is no aureate expression to guarantee perfect success ( Smith, 2008 ) . However, understanding gained through experience, investing in preparation and development of marks helps gain a undertaking every bit successfully as possible. The components of success may be identified as: Timescale. A successful company adheres to specify aims, plans efficaciously, anticipates jobs and delivers a undertaking to the client by an in agreement deadline. Finance. This is non merely about maintaining costs low and within a defined budget, but about presenting the best value. Waste should be minimised and labour efficiency maximised. Margins are traditionally low in the industry ( Egan, 1998 ) : a successful company does non simply survive but makes a good adequate net income to: Continue presenting the best value for clients and stakeholders Attract long term stockholders Invest in preparation, research and merchandise development. Be honest and realistic about budgets Quality. There should be no edifice defects and through value direction, client outlooks should non merely be met but exceeded. Through quality, a successful company retains and grows their client base and develops partnering agreements. Partnerships with major clients cut down cost and timescales ( Egan, 1998 ) . Health and Safety. A successful undertaking ensures a dearth of hurts and avoids human deaths. Bequest. A successful undertaking leaves an appropriate, permanent imprint in the undermentioned ways: Political – advancing substructure and industry betterment. Economic – bring forthing income for the country. Environmental – sustainability, adhering to low C building. Cultural – profiting all stakeholders. Technical – forcing the boundaries of accomplishment. Ideally wining on all degrees, undertakings may alternatively win in one or more country but fail overly in other countries. Three instances deemed overall failures are examined. FailureCASE STUDIES THE ‘BIG DIG’ , BOSTON, USA Figure 1 The Big Dig or Central Artery/Tunnel Project ( Geotimes, 2002 ) The ‘Big Dig’ , launched in 1991, was the most expensive building strategy in U.S. history designed to replace an out-of-date main road bing the economic system $ 500 m/year ( Silverman, 2015 ) . The undertaking was originally estimated at $ 2.6 billion due for completion in 1998 ( National Academy of Engineering, 2003 ) . However, holds pushed the undertaking completion day of the month to 2007 with cost overproductions of $ 12.2 billion ( Silverman, 2015 ) . There were legion grounds for the undertaking delays: Tunnel leaks caused by deficiency of due diligence Program holds due to legion alterations of the signature overseas telegram stayed span Change of direction and communicating issues Failure to pull off client and stakeholder engagement Challenges of set abouting building alongside day-to-day public usage Additionally, a calamity occurred when ceiling panels in a tunnel collapsed, doing a human death and ensuing in extended judicial proceeding for direction. Federal probe blamed unequal stuffs and the undertaking s intensifying budget ( LeBlanc, 2007 ) . The inordinate failures of the undertaking led to extended rating. Figure 2 shows the altering entire undertaking cost. Inflation contributed to a great extent about $ 6.5 billion. However, the true impact was hard to measure due to the dynamic interplay of range, agenda and building costs. Extenuation costs were inadequately quantified ( National Academy of Engineering, 2003 ) . Figure 2 Cost History and Scope Evolution, in 1000000s of dollars ( Data from Edwards, 2002 ) 2022 WORLD CUP, QATAR Figure 3 Stadium building site ( Bhatia, 2014 ) The 2022 World Cup in Qatar is another outstanding illustration of direction failure. It remains to be seen whether the undertaking will complete on clip and on budget, although the figure reported by Deloitte is an inordinate $ 200 billion USD ( Figure 4 ) ( Deloitte, 2013 ) . However, irrespective of concluding public presentation in these respects, the undertaking will be remembered as an dismaying failure in safe and responsible building. Reports have emerged exposing unethical ( and in some instances, illegal ) practises on the portion of contractors responsible for the assorted sites and developments. Stem Cell Research EssayTable 5.1: Comparison common failure subjects with success. Standard Failure Success Timescale Absence of planning, deficiency of communicating and unrealistic aspirations. Early-stage planning, integrated squads and realistic ends. Finance Lack of truth and honestness with the budget. Openness and transparence with the budget. Quality Substandard stuffs, undelivered value and inexperient contractors. Good quality of physique, value delivered to the client and stakeholders. Health and Safety Fatalities, hurts, no province concern over worker public assistance and development. Safety as a precedence, no human deaths, hurt rate good below industry norm. Bequest Litigation jobs, all stakeholders non profiting and negative economic impact. Re-usable installations, urban regeneration, cultural pride, good to community and economic additions. It is clear that a undertaking may be deemed a success if the above standards are achieved with the exclusion of lodging stiffly to an original budget. Ultimately, the British Government was right in passing more to wholly accomplish the other four standards. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This study concludes that holding control and bid of the five countries outlined in subdivisions 2 and 5 constitutes success. If a undertaking is a proficient success but fails on other degrees, so it may be deemed an overall failure. Equally, salvaging money does non compare to success or presenting the best value for stakeholders and passing money does non vouch safety. The policy manual should therefore province that the company: Establishes and adheres to a system of clear public presentation marks. Leting rating of quality and public presentation. Pursues a civilization of set uping partnering relationships with clients offering repetition concern. Bettering efficiency. Decreasing the demand for tendering and contracts ( Egan, 1998 ) . Employs an incorporate, trained, safe and motivated work force. Sharing and pooling experience across subjects. Working together on legion undertakings. Avoiding human deaths and major hurts. Considers finance by value delivered instead than money saved. Exuding fiscal honestness and transparence. Bibliography Bolt, H. Haslam, R. Gibb, A. Waterson, P. , ( 2012 ) .Pre-conditioning for success.Loughborough: HSE, ( RR955 ) . Booth, R. , Pattison, P. 2014. Qatar World Cup bowl workers earn every bit small as 45p an hr . Bida: The Guardian. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jul/29/qatar-world-cup-stadium-workers-earn-45p-hour Booth, R. , Pattison, P. 2014. Qatar World Cup: migrators wait a twelvemonth to be paid for edifice offices . Bida: The Guardian. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jul/28/qatar-world-cup-migrants-not-paid-building-office Bust, P. ( 2011 ) .Learning bequest.Loughborough: Loughborough University, ( ODA 2011/269 ) . Deloitte, 2013.Insight into the Qatar building market and chances for existent estate developers.Middle East: Deloitte Corporate Finance Limited. Department of Culture, Media and Sport. ( 2010 ) .November London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic budget study published Anticipated concluding cost down ?29m.Gov Announcements Online. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gov.uk/government/news/november-london-2012-olympic-and-paralympic-budget-report-published-anticipated-final-cost-down-29m 2 [ Accessed 25/02/2015 Department for Culture, Media and Sport, ( 2012 ) .London 2012 Olympic And Paralympic Games – Quarterly Report.London: DCMS DLA Piper, 2014.Migrant labor in the building sector in the province of Qatar.Katar: DLA Piper UK LLP Egan, J. , The Construction Task Force.Rethinking Construction.1998. . Available from: Uniform resource locatorhypertext transfer protocol: //www.constructingexcellence.org.uk/pdf/rethinking % 20construction/rethinking_construction_report.pdf . Egan, J. , The Strategic Forum for Construction.Accelerating Change.ISBN 1 898671 28 1. Rethinking Construction, Construction Industry Council. ENOCHLAU. ( 2006 )Sydney Opera House Sails. . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg # filehistory. Wikipedia. . Gibson, O. , Pattison, P. 2014. Death toll among Qatar’s 2022 World Cup workers revealed . Kathmandu: The Guardian. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/23/qatar-nepal-workers-world-cup-2022-death-toll-doha IRVINE, J. ( 2013 )Why Sydney s Opera House was the universe s biggest planning catastrophe. . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.couriermail.com.au/news/why-sydneys-opera-house-was-the-worlds-biggest-planning-disaster/story-e6freon6-1226744769556. . LeBlanc, Steve. , 2007.On Dec. 31, It’s Official: Boston’s Big Dig Will Be Done . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/25/AR2007122500600_3.html . MARTIN, C. G. O. ( 2012 )The Sidney Opera House building: A instance of undertaking direction failure. . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eoi.es/blogs/cristinagarcia-ochoa/2012/01/14/the-sidney-opera-house-construction-a-case-of-project-management-failure/ . . MIT. ( 2011 )Undertaking Evaluation. . Available from: file: ///C: /Users/staples/Documents/Bath % 20University/3rd % 20Year/Semester % 202/Management % 202/The % 20Sydney % 20Opera % 20House.pdf. . National Research Council Committee for Review of the Project Management Practices Employed on the Boston Central Artery/Tunnel ( Big Dig ) Project, National Research Council, National Academy of Engineering. , 2003.Completing the â€Å"Big Dig : pull offing the concluding phases of Boston’s cardinal artery/tunnel undertaking.National Academies Press, 2003, pp, 1,3,7,8,10,12,14,17. Silverman, Jacob. ,10 Construction Undertakings That Broke the Bank . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/structural/10-construction-projects.htm # page=9 Smith, N.J. , 2008.Engineering Project Management.ISBN: 978-1-4051-6802-1. Blackwell Publishing, Third Edition. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.geotimes.org/oct02/bostonsandgravel.jpg ( Beginning: W.Edwards, â€Å"Project History, † Presentation to the Committee on October 21, 2002 ) Qatar World Cup readying expected to ask for trades deserving $ 150bn Bhatia, N. 2014. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bigprojectme.com/news/qatar-world-cup-preparation-expected-to-invite-deals-worth-150bn/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.usnews.com/news/blogs/data-mine/2014/06/24/world-cup-price-tag-multiplies-with-time hypertext transfer protocol: //www.londonlovesbusiness.com/business-news/london-2012-olympics/this-graph-shows-the-sickening-extent-of-the-qatar-world-cup-deaths/8120.article Vinter, R Image Available hypertext transfer protocol: //assets.inhabitat.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2010/10/ukolympic-ed01.jpg 1

Is There a Purpose of Life an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Is There a Purpose of Life? by Expert Dr.William (PhD) | 21 Dec 2016 This is the common question of every inpidual who tries to find meaning of his existence and a very fundamental question that every inpidual should ask themselves to understand the principle behind the purpose of human life. We can view the purpose of human life according to rational or humanistic approach or the religious or theistic approach. Life is a gift from above and its Creator makes him exists for a pine purpose. Yes, there is definitely a purpose of life. Its purpose is to live life to the fullest and makes the Creator blessed of what his doing. Life is not just all about being born, get married, have a family and die but to explore and enjoy how beautiful life is when it will be lived rightfully and fruitfully in accordance to mans conviction (Drotar, pp. 36-39). Need essay sample on "Is There a Purpose of Life?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The rational or humanistic approach espouses that the idea of the purpose of life is generated by the experience of being alive and of experiencing the elemental fear of its extinction. Lifes purpose is the most primordial experience. A sincere non-religious person may concede that there is a supreme being that governs our lives. But for a totally non-theistic person, the purpose of life will be difficult to prove. One can easily say that life has a source, and that life does not only originate from our parents or even from our ancestors, but from a being that is pure in heart and who has given us this special gift. The principle of the purpose of human life is not only a universally accepted truth, but has served as a rule or norm in every inpiduals way of living. This norm guides certain actions or practices performed by people. This is the reason why in spite of lifes difficulties some health workers are truly professional and hardworking in delivering health services to the people (Gregersen, pp. 98-107). Moreover, we develop general sense of value which means an awareness that we should do good and avoid evil. A sure sign of this general awareness is the fact that people argue about right and wrong. There will be no debate if we do not experience the responsibility of choosing between good and evil. Our desire to do the right thing reflects this general sense of value. As we search to discover the right course of action, we probe into life purpose and the world search for truth. If we are honest in our search, then we turn into a variety of sources for wisdom and guidance (Behe, pp.121-124). After searching for the truth, the time comes when we are able to make an actual concrete judgment and a specific decision. In addition, we must follow our decision only after we have done our best to search for the truth concerning the issue facing us. Following our conscience does not mean doing what we feel like doing. What it means is the hard work if discerning what is right and what is wrong. We must be reminded that our conscience (may determine our purpose) can go astray without losing its dignity. A person can do his/her very best in search for the life purpose but can still miss the mark. As a result, the decision reached might not be the best which will lead to our human fulfillment (Hardy, pp. 64-66). Nonetheless, the inpidual must follow this decision, on the condition that the person really tried to discover the lifes purpose. To be able to attain lifes purpose, an inpidual should obey his conscience. This principle is actually true but it should be properly understood. Sincere people often get into trouble because they faithfully obey their conscience without being critical of the validity of their decisions. Formation of conscience is important here. A mature moral decision is not only a decision to make a good deed that we ought to do but also a choice made in good faith o make what we want ourselves to be. The dignity of the human person implies and demands the rectitude of the moral conscience; that is, its being based on truth. One must seriously seek a right conscience or, in other words, one must try to make sure that ones moral judgment is right (Life's 'Comings and Goings' Are in God's Good Purposes ). This can be achieved by: diligently learning the laws of the moral life (through spiritual formation) just as players must be interested in knowing well the rules f the game. seeking expert advice on difficult cases (spiritual direction) just as doctors hold constitution when the diagnosis of a serious illness is not clear; asking God for light through prayer; removing the obstacles to right judgment such as habitual moral disorder or bad habits; and personal examination of conscience. Ask yourself these two question: What bad things have I done for the day? What good things have I done for the day? Formation of ones purpose precisely refers to the careful preparation of judgment. A person is called prudent when he decides according to that judgment. Among the above listed conditions for reaching a right judgment, two can especially benefit from a remote preparation: 1.) the intellects knowledge of moral laws, and 2.) the wills removal of obstacles (Leichtentritt, pp. 46-52). Thus, the formation of lifes purpose is a long, and comprehensive process that will later facilitate an immediate and right judgment in any concrete situation. Another way to attain lifes purpose is to make moral decisions. Choosing the action that does not fully promote humanity is not an easy task. Moral dilemmas confront us with profound complexity. Some persons judge artificial conception and contraception to be contrary to human nature. Others see them as compassionate use of technology to help nature (Nussbaum, pp. 21-25). Our culture suggests a variety of means to resolve these difficulties. Now, we should carefully consider the process of making moral decision, the process of answering our initial question, What I ought to do? The answer to this question often brings conflict in us, and life presents situation where decisions are not so clear-cut. Reference: Behe, Michael J. The Fifth Miracle: The Search for the Origin and Meaning of Life . Pp. 121-124. First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life, June 1999 Drotar, Dennis. Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents: Implications for Research and Practice. Pp. 36-39. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah, NJ. 1998 Gregersen, Niels Henrik. From Complexity to Life: On the Emergence of Life and Meaning. Pp. 98-107. Oxford University Press. New York. 2003. Hardy, Thomas. Life's Little Ironies. Pp. 64-66. University of Oxford. New York. 1999 Leichtentritt, Ronit D.VALUES UNDERLYING END-OF-LIFE DECISIONS: A Qualitative Approach . Pp. 46-52. Health and Social Work, Vol. 26, 2001. Nussbaum, Martha. The Quality of Life. Pp. 21-25. Clarendon Press. Oxford. 1993. Life's 'Comings and Goings' Are in God's Good Purposes . The Washington Times, March 1, 1999

Behavioral Theory Essays - Behaviorism, Clinical Psychology

Behavioral Theory One of the problems with strict behavioral theory is that it very much ignores the ?human variable'. When we reduce things strictly to stimulus and response, we can easily forget that there are human feelings, thoughts, and cognitions that are involved in the expression of a behavior as well. In the case of Roger a behaviorist will take everything at face value. If Roger comes in and says he is having trouble studying, it is very likely that the behaviorist will agree with him based on the observable evidence and come up with a reinforcement contingency of some sort to correct his ?problem'. However, the behaviorist is not likely to explore Roger's motivations, interests, or his desires in life. The true cause of the behavioral problem may have to do with thoughts, feelings, or a person's concept of themselves. Behaviorism is ill suited to dealing with these highly abstract concepts. This means that while the behaviorist may address the problem and possibly even find a way to get Roger studying and into business school, he most likely will not be able to address the issue of whether or not Roger should be in business at all; or if indeed he should pursue his music interests. Likewise, behaviorism will be of little help in assisting Roger in his problems with his family, which a psychoanalytically oriented or cognitive therapist would most likely feel are very relevant in his situation. For example, there is a possibility that Roger could be much happier as a musician than as a business professional, and that deep down Roger knows this and that is why he is having difficulty studying. The conflict he is experiencing could be coming from the pressure of his parents who tell him (directly or indirectly) that he should be in the business field, that music is not valued by his father, and that his brother is a failure so Roger must make up for him and make his parents proud. Things Roger says, such as ?now the burden to follow in my father's footsteps is on my shoulders? evidence these issues. This quote implies that Roger does not consider working in business pleasurable and that he does not want to feel looked down upon for doing something other than what his parents want, as his brother did. Roger also states that his younger sister ?has it real easy?there is no pressure on her?. Which seems to imply that studying for business involves pressure and that it is not easy. Because Roger has such natural talent in music and does find it easy to write songs as well as enjoyable to play guitar, a therapist might want to consider addressing that possibility in therapy. A s trict behaviorist is limited to what he can see, and poor Roger would never get that chance. While behaviorism is certainly an effective method of understanding and changing behavior, it simply does not take into account causes that may continue to affect an organism even after successful therapy has taken place. Often times it is issues that are not observable which cause someone to have problems. A behaviorist might be able to change, add or subtract a stimulus to alter a behavior, but only a cognitive therapist or other type of therapist would be capable of giving a client his own tools to deal with stimuli which are out of his or her control. Behaviorism is a theory, which I feel, requires excessive outside maintenance, and teaches little to a client that they can use to help themselves. Psychology